Principles of Marketing Essay

The course content includes a study of the relationship between marketing and society, nature and functions of marketing, marketing management processes, marketing tools, the markets, and the consumers. Course Objectives The main goal of the course is to provide an overview of the basic principles underlying modern marketing theory and practice. It will provide participants with an understanding of the analysis that is necessary for taking marketing decisions, and the wide range of factors (and interactions of those factors) that need to be considered in the design of a marketing program. Students should come away with this course with an understanding of the marketing system and its role within the Malaysian economy and within an individual firm by studying how products and services are planned, priced, promoted, and distributed in order to satisfy consumers’ wants. Learning Outcomes Upon completion of the course, students should be able to: ? define and apply knowledge of the key marketing concepts. Please dress decently and appropriately (according to university’s dress codes) when attending classes. ? Group projects ; Assignments There will be group projects and assignments. For group project, work together with your group members and at the end of the project your group members will assess your contribution to the project. You are expected to do a group presentation before submission of written copy during the semester. Assignments will be uploaded in UNIEC. In class assignments must be submitted on the specified date otherwise you may be penalized for late submission. If you encounter any problem to submit assignments on the specific date, you are required to inform the lecturer within 2 days of the specified date. For any type written assignments given, the format of the paper should be as follows: ? A cover page with your details – Name, Student ID and Sections ( as registered in CMS) ? Font: Time New Roman , size 12 with 1. 5 spacing ? Include a reference page for every assignment that you submitted. ? Forums Students are required to participate in ALL 3 forums posted by the Course Leader and marks will be assigned based on the quality of the discussion. ? Accessing/ Checking UNIEC Virtual It is utmost important for students to access and check their UNIEC Virtual for any updates and information pertaining to the course regularly throughout the semester. Ignorance is NO EXCUSE. Examination Format Final examination will be a three hours-examination. The exam will evaluate your level of understanding and knowledge acquired in this course. The question formats may consist of multiple choice, true-false, short essays, and case-based problems. Week Topics Covered Overview 1 2 3 4 Topic 1: Marketing: Managing Profitable Customer Relationship Topic 2: The Marketing Environment and the Marketing Information Topic 3: Consumer Markets and Consumer Buyer Behavior Topics/Activities Remarks/ Deadlines Introduction. Class activities: – Getting to know. – Overview of course plan. Marketing: Managing Profitable Customer Relationship ? Definitions of marketing ? Basic concepts of marketing ? Evolutions of marketing ? Relationship marketing ? Marketing strategy and the marketing mix ? Marketing Challenges in the future Read: ? Kotler: Chapter 1 ? Harley-Davidson case. Chapter preview p158. Class activities: ? Discuss reading materials Topic 1 ? Discuss Harley Davidson exercise. The Marketing Environment and Marketing Information ? Company’s Microenvironments ? Company’s Macroenvironments ? Marketing research process Read: Forum 1 ? Kotler: Chapter 3 ; 4 ? Real Marketing 4. 2 ‘Tracking consumers on the Web: Smart targeting or a little creepy’. p 151 Class activities: ? Discuss reading materials Topic 2 ? Discuss ‘Prius: Leading a Wave of Hybrids’ case Consumer Markets and Business Market ? Consumer Buying Behavior ? Consumer Decision-making Process ? Factors Affecting Consumer Buying Behavior.

Record Controls

Record Controls Valerie Chacon Axia College November 21st, 2010 HCR 210 Lisa Israel Today, there are many security measures within small, medium and large facilities. There are secure rooms, passwords, access codes and other things to keep records safe. If these security measures are not in place, then the medical facility could be at risk for letting confidential information get to the wrong people. There are differences and similarities in ways each medical facility handles their medical records. Small, medium, and large facilities seem to use similar security measures within an electronic record filing system.Most facilities use passwords, usernames, and access codes. With this said, only certain staff members have these access codes. Sometimes, one person has these access codes depending on how big the facility is. Sometimes files are only kept in a filing cabinet that is locked, along with the building locked when no one is there. Many small facilities seem to still use paper re cords. Paper records can have their positives and negatives. Small facilities do not have many doctors which in this case they know many of their patients on a personal level. This is a good aspect, especially for looking up records.Many small facilities keep their records in a secured room that is locked. Some facilities use only one person with one key, and others have access codes to get into the secured room. Depending on the facility and how many patient records there are, they all follow certain rules in their facility. Some facilities follow color coded record filing, numeric filing, and alphabetical filing. Some facilities keep their record in one place, other facilities have 2. If it is paper filing and they have 2 secure rooms, usually one room is for current patients and the other room is for old patient record.Records are kept from eight to ten year, depending on facilities regulations, and then destroyed of properly according to privacy information (Robinson, 2010). Wit h smaller facilities, this may happen more often than a larger facility, most likely because they use the paper filing system. With medium to large facilities, these facilities seem to use the electronic filing system. Although some medium and large facilities still use paper filing, more medium and large facilities have and are converting to electronic filing. The electronic filing systems seem to be more convenient for larger facilities.The hassle of so many patient records in paper form can be huge responsibility. This is why electronic filing is so much easier. The less hassle for records management, the less stress. Many larger facilities agree that electronic filing is much easier and can help control the records management. The storage for electronic filing is much easier too. The only downside with electronic filing is the unknown system downs for restoring or upgrading system requirements (Robinson, 2010). Sometimes when the system goes down, they may have to write down rec ords until systems are up and running.Each facility follows a strict policy in the scenario. Large facilities handle more patient records than a small and medium facility. There are not many facilities that still have paper records management. If security procedures are not followed correctly then there can be major problems. Mix up’s of patient records are at stake, patient confidentiality could be at stake. All facilities follow procedures to ensure patient privacy. In certain cases that a file may be lost or stolen, there are rules regulations and consequences on behalf of the facility. This is why it is so important for security measure to be met.It is the law that all confidential information is secured and locked, whether it is in a room or a filing cabinet. If a fire were to happen, patient records could be damaged, this is why it is equally important to have a sprinkler system set up in the case of a fire (Green & Bowie,  2005). No matter if the facility is smal l medium or large, each medical facility follows security Measure’s to ensure record confidentiality and keeping records safe. The follow specific guidelines and if these guidelines are not followed, serious consequences can come to the facility and the staff members.If it is a single staff member that is not following guidelines, this staff member can be written up and/or subject to termination from their job/career. To ensure this does not happen, many facilities offer training and most need a degree in having a job like this.References Robinson, S. (2010, November  7). Interview Data Thread: Group C []. Message posted to http://University of Phoenix class forum, HCR/210 Patient Records: Keeping it Real course website. Green, M. A. , & Bowie, M. J. (2005). Essentials pf Health Information Management: Principles and Practices. Clifton Park , NY: Thomson Felmar Learning.

How To Prepare for the TOEFL

Applying to colleges is never a simple process. There are applications to fill out, essays to write, and recommendations to collect. It’s enough to intimidate even the best prepared and organized of students. But applying to college can be even more intimidating if English isn’t your first language. You’ll still need too complete everything that a native English speaker does to complete your profile as a competitive applicant. Beyond that, you may have to take an additional standardized test to show that you are prepared to undertake college-level work in the English language. The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) is one of two tests commonly accepted and sometimes required by colleges and universities in the United States. The purpose of the test is to measure the ability of non-native English speakers to use and understand the English language as it is heard, spoken, read and written in a college classroom. The TOEFL is administered by the Educational Testing Service (ETS), the same company contracted by the CollegeBoard to administer the SAT.    Each year, nearly a million students take the test, hoping to earn a place at an English-speaking college or university. The test is also sometimes used as an admission standard to private high schools or as an assessment for job-readiness. Many colleges or universities require the TOEFL or a similar test to prove your English language skills if English is not your first language, but the exact requirements vary from college to college. Many schools waive their requirement if you have attended school in the United States for a minimum amount of time or have achieved a high verbal SAT score. For specific requirements about which schools require a TOEFL, you should check the individual school’s website. In this post, we will outline the format and content of the TOEFL before moving on to our insider tips for the best, free TOEFL study resources available. With our top tips on how to prepare for the TOEFL, you’ll arrive for the test confident and receive a score that reflects the peak of your ability. The TOEFL assesses your skills in four areas: listening, reading, speaking, and writing. During the test, you will also be asked to complete tasks that combine the application of these skills. For example, you might be asked to listen and then speak in response to a question about what you’ve heard, or read a written piece and then respond to it verbally. There are four primary sections of the TOEFL, each corresponding to one of the key skills that the test aims to assess. The Reading section comes first. It contains 36-56 questions that are based on three or four passages from academic texts. You will have 60-80 minutes to read the texts and respond to the corresponding questions about them. The Listening section comes next. It is composed of 34-51 questions that are based on lectures, classroom discussions, and conversations you’ll listen to in the 60-90 minutes that you spend on this section. After the Listening section, you will have a ten-minute break. During this time, you will have the chance to use the restroom, or have a drink and a snack. Following your break, you will complete the Speaking section of the test. In this section you are given 20 minutes to complete six oral tasks. You will be asked to express an opinion on a familiar topic and give verbal answers in response to questions about reading and listening tasks. Finally, you will take the Writing section of the test. In this section you will have 50 minutes to complete two tasks. For the first task, you’ll have 20 minutes to read a short passage, listen to a short lecture, and write a response to them. The second task will be a more open-ended essay for which you’ll have 30 minutes.   The best way to prepare for the TOEFL is by practicing your grasp of English, ideally in an academic context. You can practice your speaking skills by having conversations about current events or academic subjects with English speaking friends. You can read the newspaper or, if you’re still just getting started, try this list of great English learning sites from the New York Public Library.   Aside from the standard real world experience of practicing your skills with friends and family, there are a number of online resources that are either specifically designed for TOEFL prep, or are otherwise useful for that purpose. Here are our favorites: TOEFL Interactive Sampler provides free unlimited access to past TOEFL iBT questions from all four sections of the test. TOEFL iBT Test Questions provide a free set of TOEFL iBT questions used in previous tests. TOEFL Test Prep Planner provides an eight-week plan to prepare for the TOEFL test, but some of the references it recommends are paid services. TOEFL iBT Quick Prep is a free practice tool with real TOEFL iBT questions from past tests. Each Quick Prep volume includes questions from all four sections of the test. There are also many paid resources from ETS, available on their website . Podcasts are a great way to practice your English listening skills. The TOEFL Podcast provides some great tips for taking the exam. If you’re looking for more authentic content, many top universities also have podcasts that post content similar to what you might expect on the listening section of the TOEFL. These will help you to become accustomed to hearing formal, academic discussions in the English language. You can find podcasts from Harvard , Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) , Stanford , and Yale , along with many other top universities. The Purdue Online Writing Lab is a great resource for preparing for the writing section of the TOEFL. It provides free resources to assist with writing, research, grammar and mechanics, and even has a section specifically devoted to ESL (English as a Second Language ). This independent site is rich in preparation materials, including links to free tutorials on Youtube, a step-by-step essay guide, and sample essays. While there are some services on the site that you will have to pay to access, there is a wealth of material available for no charge. EdX is known for providing free online courses in a variety of content. The TOEFL Test Preparation: The Insider’s Guide is produced by ETS, so you know that it’s accurate. This highly interactive course helps you understand what you can do to achieve your best TOEFL test score. Instructors guide you through each section of the test using archived test questions. Specific information is given about how to register for the test, how it is scored, and how to prepare for test day. While there are discounted test prep offers included throughout the course, there are also many free resources. ThoughtCo is a site that is committed to lifelong learning. It provides instructional materials in many subject areas ranging from science, tech, and math, to arts, music, and exploration. The ThoughtCo Free Online TOEFL Study Guides compilation is a comprehensive collection of free online study guides from a broad variety of sources. This site includes specific links to grammar and structure, vocabulary, reading, and listening practice. It also includes general standardized test-taking tips, which can be easily forgotten when preparing for a specialized test like the TOEFL. Of course, the amount of preparation that you’ll need to put into the TOEFL will depend on your existing English skills. Some students find that they can perform well on the test with only a few practice tests in the week or two leading up to it, while others find that they need to study and work extensively to perform well. The bottom line is that any student who wants or needs to take the TOEFL should begin preparing about a month or two in advance, by taking an initial practice test to gauge their readiness. From that initial test, a comprehensive study plan can be created, using these resources to focus on your specific strengths and weaknesses.  

Relations between Knowledge and Reality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Relations between Knowledge and Reality - Essay Example Ideas about relationships are certainly developed and predicted on the basis of the conditions they fulfill. Thus, the relationships and their concepts are dependent of the performances they make. The author also alludes to various forms of concepts described by Locke, which include action-concepts, physical concepts and moral concepts (106-107). Locke has also established the patterns of relations, where he declares cause and effect as the most important one in this regards. He has also shown the relationship between various ideas on the basis of the concepts established. He called relation between idea and thing as the real existence. (110) Locke has presented different sorts of agreements on perception about ideas, where he aims to view knowledge as unlimited in nature and scope, though knowledge of coexistence is narrow and limited one. Hence, Locke asserts the existence of knowledge on the basis of perception of agreement or disagreement between ideas, without taking into consid eration the very difference in perceiving the same. (117) Locke, Law & Law of Nature Rogers (1999) has identified the moral and natural law described and discussed by John Locke in his philosophy. Moral law, according to Rogers, enjoys the central place in Locke’s political writings (Atherton, 1999:47), which can also be viewed in association with his opinion about scientific inventions and advancements. It is partly due to the very reality that scientific discoveries are also the outcome of the scientists’ curiosity for exploring the countless phenomena of nature with the help of observation and empirical estimation. Hence, God and the universe on the one hand, and natural law and scientific discoveries are interrelated according to Locke (48-49). The individuals’ activities also reflect natural laws, and parents’ affection for children is natural, while their hatred for children looks unnatural and astonishing act. Consequently, natural law lays stress upon morality for the individuals (51), and reiterates upon applying best of faculties and skills while performing an act or obligation. Locke has also sought inspiration from the Newton’s law of gravity that every object of nature acts according to the commands of natural law, and deviation from the same could invite disorder and chaos in its wake. It is therefore Locke, in his Essay, looks for seeking knowledge about the laws of universe in order to explore the realities existing all around humans. (53-54) Rogers also cites Locke’s examples regarding the affects of various objects on others, where the reaction of different objects is almost same, as hemlock takes the life of the person consuming the same. Locke has also explored relation between the law of nature and the laws of nature, where law of nature identifies the existence of God, His laws and the entities to obey the same, and laws of nature repeat their course in order to implement the law of nature. Moral Weakness by Spinoza Harris (1973) has elucidated Spinoza’s doctrine of moral weakness by making its comparison with the goodness theory articulated by renowned Greek philosopher Plato.  

Analysing specific financial issues in Oxford Instruments PLC Essay

Analysing specific financial issues in Oxford Instruments PLC - Essay Example The company has a vision to actually turn smart science into viable and affordable commercial products which can be easily available to the target market. It is involved in the development of sophisticated The company started as a small company manufacturing magnets used in the scientific research however, over the period of time, company grew and become one of the most important players in the market. Its history also suggests that it was the first spin-off from the Oxford University and was the first venture which was successfully launched from Oxford University. This paper will explore the financial performance of the Oxford Instruments Plc with special reference to how stock markets are related with the public limited companies and their performance, relationship between the investor values and financial performance of the firm, the gearing level and issue of debt to the investors besides summarizing the overall things with special reference to the limitations of the ratio analysis. There are different methods under which an organization can actually raise money and utilize those funds for the expansion and development of business. One of the key methods of having funds is to basically borrow from the banks, financial institutions or through issuing debt to the investors. Debt or the money borrowed by the companies however, have to be paid repaid along with the interest rates to the debt holders i.e. the persons who actually buy the debt and expect to be repaid with their original principal amount and the interest. Secondly, however, firms can also raise money by selling their equity on the stock markets. A firm, when issuing stocks for the first time to raise money, enters into what is called primary issue of stock listing. Primary issue is basically when the firm sells its stocks for the first time at the price they decide to set whereas secondary selling of the stock market takes place

The Milgram experiment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Milgram experiment - Essay Example This particular aspect also contravenes ethical principal A: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence ("Ethical Principles", 2003). However it should be commended that when offering payment of $4.50 an hour, the participants were told that they would receive the payment whether or not they completed the experiment, this was the most ethical thing to do as then payment wouldn't be the motivator of the participants actions. Looking at all the facts given above, it can be argued that the researchers should have been honest with the participants about the nature of the experiment being a study in obedience and not that of memory and learning and that the experimenter should have reminded the participant/teacher that they are free to leave at anytime, instead of using verbal prods to ensure they continue with the experiment. While this is correct we should keep in mind that the experiment results would not have been accurate if the above suggestions were followed even though it may have made the experiment more ethical.

A Quality Study of the main Limitations of the Cyclic Casual Model in Dissertation

A Quality Study of the main Limitations of the Cyclic Casual Model in Establishing the Main Risk of Serious Problem Project - Dissertation Example I cannot afford to go without appreciating my friend Stephen for helping me type and edit this report. My dear parents and siblings gave me a lot of moral support throughout my study and for that I gladly appreciate them. Abstract The cyclic causal model is greatly reliable when dealing with serious problem projects (SSPs). The model has been successfully applied in respect of various SSPs. This study was dedicated to establishing the limitations of the cyclic causal model and involved a case study – the Vancouver building project which qualified as an SSP. The study involved face to face interviews with various stakeholders of the project. A total of eight respondents were sampled and participated in the study. We analysed the data obtained from the interviews statistically and noted that the main limitations of the cyclic causal model relate to the characteristic differences between the derivative and accelerating events when dealing with complex situations and its inability to provide a concrete solution to solving problems related to the derivative and accelerating events. ... couver Building Project and Its Failure 20 3.0 Research Methodology 25 3.1 Introduction 25 3.2 Research Paradigm 25 3.3 Research Philosophy 26 3.4 Research Approach 27 3.5 Research Strategy 28 3.6 Data Collection 29 3.7 Sampling 32 3.8 Time horizon 32 4.0 Results and Data Analysis 33 4.1 Correlation between Projects Problems and the Cumulative Quantity Accelerating and Derivative Events 47 4.2 Correlation between Derivative and Accelerating Events in Cyclic Models 48 4.3 Difference in mean frequency of cumulative events between the SPPs and Non-SPPS cases 50 4.4 Independent Samples Test 51 4.5 ANOVA 52 5.0 Conclusion 61 6.0 Recommendations 64 References 65 Appendix 1: Interview Questions 69 Appendix 2: Cover Letter 73 A Qualitative Study of the Main Limitations of the Cyclic Causal Model in Establishing the Main Risks of Serious Problem Projects: Vancouver Building Project Failure   1.0 Introduction In view of the interventions of the building code and regulations, it is possible t o cope with critical risk areas for various structural needs. Using the causal models of risk management, professional building and construction bodies have formulated several interventions for the industry for risk elimination and management. The seriousness of the risks involved in the building and construction industry border heavy financial losses for project clients and puts the safety of people frequenting the structure as well as the members of the general public using the structure at risk. The nature and application of the construction projects and their unique demands in terms of professional regulation raises questions relating to technical engineering considerations or ordinary project management. One of the risk management interventions that have been extensively applied in

Mall of America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mall of America - Essay Example The Mall has numerous stores, which are almost over 520 offering shopping and varied entertainment places for each person despite the age. For illustration, LEGO stores that possess numerous models meant for entertaining children. The offered services range from school-oriented through medical office to a wedding chapel (Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius, 2011). The information’s essence serves in informing the large clientele, which is unaware of the quality services offered by the mall. In addition, it imparts more knowledge to its clients who may have no knowledge regarding other services offered in the mall besides its humble beginning. The drawn inferences regarding the mall; due to its complex shopping mode, it will continue to be a center for entertainment offering diverse, fascinating services. Since, its main attraction entails using human life’s zeal for entertainment (Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius, 2011). However, the Mall’s efforts meant to maintain it at an aggressive edge, encounter challenges that prompt essential questions that entail adequate considerations. The questions comprise: Extending ideas that will ensure the stability of the Mall of America will be extensive and sound advertisement globally via online services. This will augment its popularity, thus attracting large clientele and visitors as tourists from other

Qualitative Review on Psychological Intervention for Young People Research Paper

Qualitative Review on Psychological Intervention for Young People Living with HIV - Research Paper Example It aims to clarify and explicate the necessity of emotional and psychological intervention these young survivors of HIV to provide them meaningful life and motivation to undertake medical services and support to keep them living while bearing this health problem. It will illustrate how psychosocial intervention is provided to share hope for these children and teens, as well as, make them better persons despite everything. This is a qualitative review on psychosocial intervention for young people living with HIV, a transmissible disease that can infect a person through sexual contact or by other means known to many physicians. Researched materials generally used and employed survey, interviews and secondary materials in their studies to support and explicate the conditions of young populace living with HIV. This study is limited and focused only to young people living with HIV, thus, consider only the plight of children and teens. Kumar, Mmari, and Barnes (2012) pointed that there are already 1.7 billion young people within the age bracket of 10 to 24 years in the world that are infected with HIV disease and about 85% of them are living in developing countries. Kumar et al (2012) reported that the mortality rate of HIV infected persons are 3% and most of them reduced their chance of survival at the age of 60 in countries with high percentile of HIV-infected population. Nowadays, young people are the fastest-growing cohort of new HIV infections globally reaching about 40% of new HIV-infected people in 2007 (Kumar et al, 2012). There are about 5 million young people that are nowadays living with HIV and there are an estimated 5,000 youths aging 15 and 24 years that are infected everyday (Kumar et al, 2012). These global figures likely underestimate the total burden of HIV borne by young people, as there has been no systematic evaluation of the numbers of youth who are long-term survivors of perinatal infection. New evidence and estimations of HIV’s effect o n child mortality bared that about 13% of perinatally infected children can only survive up to the age of 10 years. But noting that the global interventions of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programs has just been recently introduced in high-risk countries, it is always possible that cohort may contribute significantly to the increasing number of youths living with HIV. Albeit the rigorous efforts for HIV prevention, however the incessant sexuality and the social nature of all persons can increase the numbers of youth living with HIV. HIV-infected persons have dire needs for psychosocial support knowing that this can cause social stigma and can evoke innate anger or shock after being diagnosed positive thereof (AVERTing HIV & Aids, 2012). Relation with immediate families and friends will be altered, thus limits their social nature and level of interactions. Psychosocial therapy for HIV-infected persons can bring about positive outcome. Experts posit that this can help enhance a survivor response to health service; strengthen his behaviour while exercising preventive measures; and, mitigate the possibility that extreme depression may result into suicidal tendencies (AVERTing HIV & Aids, 2012). In a survey conducted by researchers in United States, psychosocial intervention was mentioned many times perceived as the most helpful measure that could help them live with HIV, especially as they progress their lives with

Growth Rate - Consumer Price Index for Qatar Assignment

Growth Rate - Consumer Price Index for Qatar - Assignment Example with prev. year (a) Prev. year (b) (a / b)100 2001 1.2 82.7 1.45% inflation 2002 0.2 83.9 0.24% inflation 2003 1.9 84.1 2.26% inflation 2004 5.9 86.0 6.86% inflation 2005 8.1 91.9 8.81% inflation 2006 11.8 100.0 11.8% inflation 2007 15.4 111.8 13.77% inflation 2008 19.2 127.2 15.09% inflation 2009 -7.1 146.4 4.85% deflation 2010 -3.4 139.3 2.44% deflation 2011 2.6 135.9 1.91% inflation ( The World Bank, 2012) Qatar’s economic progress was impressive from 2005 to 2009 in spite of the global recession in the later part of the period. There was a 9 percent real overall GDP (Gross Domestic Product) growth. In the year 2008, GDP growth was 16 percent. This was because of increase in the production level of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and condensates. Also, there was a good development in the nonhydrocarbon sector. All these factors led to continuous price inflation from 2005 to 2009 (IMF Executive Board Concludes 2009 Article IV Consultation with Qatar, 2010). Inflation reached the peak in 2008 with 15 percent. This was the highest inflation rate among all the GCC countries and Qatar which is the wealthiest Arab nation experience such a huge jump in inflation rate because of weakening US dollar. The inflation was also due to other factors like increase in domestic rents, rise in food prices and heavy domestic demand of oil. According to a study conducted by Qatari National Bank (QNB), there was a three-fold increase in consumer prices in Qatar during the years between 2005 and 2009 resulting in average of 8.9 percent. This figure is very high compared to the average during 2000-2004 which was 2.5 percent. The consistent rise of housing costs was the main reason behind the growing inflation from 2005 till 2008 (Kawach, 2010). However, in 2009 Qatar’s economy witnessed a sharp deflation of 4.85 percent. This was due to a sharp decline in the domestic house rents. This decline in domestic house rent occurred in all Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries , but Qatar witnessed the maximum decline. Economic growth was mostly encouraged by the fiscal policy through consistent spending in development sector. However, for this few projects of government were given greater priority. Because of the increase in prices of oil and gas the external current account was approximated a large surplus with almost 15.7 percent of GDP. The gross reserve of central bank was further strengthened to around 5 months of imports of goods and services (IMF Executive Board Concludes 2009 Article IV Consultation with Qatar, 2010). Qatar which is the leading LNG exported in the world faced deflation for the second consecutive year in 2010 with rents declining more than the previous year. According to Saudi American Bank Group (SAMBA) Qatar was deeply entrenched in deflation for two fiscal years although there was speculation of heavy growth in the economy due to increasing LNG exports, rising oil prices and large scale public spending. During the last quarter of 2010, oil and non-oil sectors were speculated for upward trends while construction and real estate industries remained unchanged. SAMBA said â€Å"excess supply in the real estate sector continues to put pressure on rents which is being reflected in

Theoretical Perspectives as Rituals of Power and Knowledge Essay Example for Free

Theoretical Perspectives as Rituals of Power and Knowledge Essay â€Å"Pornography is a panoptic function. It is everything watch by a mechanical eye†¦Optics is the genius of the West, and voyeurism is its major mechanism of control.† Monica Sjoo and Barbara Mor, The Great Cosmic Mother, p. 328. In order to begin to understand â€Å"panoptic functions,† such as the function of pornography as expressed in the headlining quote, one must understand these functions as structures for generalization, in order to later deconstruct deeper and more hidden meanings. In this sense, theoretical perspectives are always selective, yet it is within this selectivity that we can begin to unearth very deeply layered psychological and societal mechanisms of control. This essay will outline three historical mechanisms of social control (Christian demonology, classic criminology and the sciences of the medicalization of social control), and will juxtapose said mechanisms against the backdrop of sadistic pornography as a highly structured, ritualized agency for power and the creation of the â€Å"Other.† The essay will conclude with suggestions for a reduction in social mechanisms of hegemony and the creation of â€Å"otherness,† through an individual reduction in the psychological creation of â€Å"Other.† Christian demonology Christian demonology is an early tactic of the Roman Catholic Church, and a subsequent tactic of the modern-day deliverance-oriented Pentecostal ministries. In the case of demonology, the ecclesiastic power center felt that there was a need to utilize hegemonic tactics by creating a clear enemy in the form of a spirit force given all the qualities abhorred in humans. A clear evil was created for the reduction of deviant behaviors. A study into demonology will render a comprehensive list, given by the Church, of characteristics and activities in humans that create an association or an invocation for a possible demon take-over. Such activities as yoga, martial arts, female prayer gatherings, telepathy, seduction, and divination are all examples of activities that bring about demon possessions in human beings. Often demons are said to be the creators of negative emotions in humans. Many times, the Church would appeal to demonology for the explanation of any perceived deviance in behavior, particularly among women.   The organization (in this case, church) outlines clear behaviors and psychological characteristics deemed as â€Å"offensive† or â€Å"sinful.† The power structure then creates an outside force that has the power to take over the most intimate part of a human being: his/her very soul. The soul is captured by a fictitious being incapable of eradication by the human. In â€Å"The Great Cosmic Mother: Rediscovering the Religion of the Earth† (Monica Sjoo and Barbara Mor), we can see how, through fear tactics, the human being has been placed in a situation of inferiority, and must then appeal to the Church itself for the remedy and the perceived deviance. The female element, the relationship of the human to the all-encompassing reality out there, has become territory of the white male dominating power. The Church, in this fashion, is both the creator and the eradicator of evil, of sin, or of social deviance. Human morality in the Other (the sinner) is created, judged and remedied through the interaction with the power structure. Christian demonology is a clear example of what Stephen Pfohl refers to as â€Å"social control†, stating that â€Å"When effective, social control ritually reduces, expels, or constrains what is other to the dominant organization of power within a specific historical period.† Through the creation of a demon possessive force, Church hegemonies successfully ritualize a categorization of behaving and thinking considered moral, and others that are considered evil, sick, immoral or crazy. This is the creation of deviance. Core rituals and images of demonic social control include the social contract, rational hedonism, and the calculation of pleasure and pain. These are concepts are drawn upon in Stephen Pfohl’s â€Å"Images of Deviance and Social Control.† The social contract, in the case of demonology, there is an implied agreement between the Church and the people, whereby a social order is established. In this sense, people give up some say over particular beliefs, in order to receive the protection of the authoritative body. In this sense, we can see how quickly people are ready to give up rights over action in order to receive a free pass into heaven. Rational hedonism involves an understanding of reality based on the search for pleasure and the avoidance of pain. The calculation of pleasure can be different to differing individuals.   Sexual sadism is an example of this, thus pleasures cannot be judged based on their qualities.   Ritually, the creators of demonology devised an entire host of rituals and images to further enforce the creation of deviance. Exorcism of demons, witch hunts, literature on demons, as well as specific cleansing techniques and remedies should one come in contact with such demons.   (though, again, some discussion of the core images and rituals of this form of social control would be helpful). As you point out, sadism is about domination and humiliation, but Susan Griffin offers a more robust definition of it. This definition involves the (masculine) othering of sexuality, nature, desire, and Eros†¦which, once projected onto the bodies of women, becomes a target of (sadistic) control. Perhaps this process of othering is similar to that you noticed in the demonic perspective. Perhaps, too, the sadistic fear and resulting domination of bodies resembles the medicalization of control over human bodies. Finally, in â€Å"Images of Deviance and Social Control† there are several relevant passages on sadism and these perspectives. See, for example, the closing section of the chapter on the classical perspective and also consider the witch burnings of the demonic perspective. Grade: C+ Please take these comments into consideration and revise the paper. Thank you!! Classical Crminology Classical criminology, an 18th and early 19th century reform to the justice and the prison system, it is associated with authors such as Cesare Beccaria (1738-1794), Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832), Samuel Romilly (1757-1818). These philosophers claimed to be advocates of principles of rights, fairness and due process in place of retribution, arbitrariness and brutality within the justice system. Critics of classical criminology claim that the system was a mere cover-up to the more outright systems of torture of the time, replacing blatant and barbaric control mechanisms with more subtle ones.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Critical criminologists see in these reforms a tool by which the new industrial order of capitalism was able to maintain class rule through appearing to apply objective and neutral rules of justice rather than obvious and direct class domination through coercion.† A part of classical criminology involves Social Control theory, whereby the process of socialization is furthered, building what is perceived â€Å"self-control† and lessening â€Å"anti-social† behaviors either by direct punishments or by more internal guilt-based controls. The Medicalization of Social Control Medicalization can be defined as â€Å"the process by which non-medical problems come to be defined and treated as if they are medical issues.† Recent times have witnessed an explosion of the medicalization of many areas of human experience and pathology. Alcoholism, emotional problems such as anxiety and depression, and even the experience of menopause in women, have been claimed by the medical community to be areas where an allopathic response is necessary. The dramatic growth in the number of categories of mental illness as explained the various versions of the DSM (diagnostic and statistical manual of mental illness) are primary examples. For instance, the current (DSM-IV) version lists impotence, premature ejaculation, jet lag, and caffeine intoxication as mental illnesses. In this sense, many of the body and mind’s processes are given somatic remedies through Western medical processes and medicines. If we think of our natural bodies and the processes that accompany it, we can see that this is truly our most intimate and personal sphere. In the case example of a woman with menopause, here we can clearly see how the medicalization of a woman’s natural hormonal changes are surrounded in discourses of negativity. Women are made to feel as if something is essentially wrong with them. The medical community can then cash in on these feelings of deviance in women, offering a plethora of remedies at a heavy cost. This process, named by Irvin K. Zola, extended the realm of medicine to formerly non-medical areas of life. In its extreme form, it includes social deviance, and even aging, as medical problems. The medical community, as a hegemony, has extended its discourse of power over into the realms of a person’s natural right to even die, making them feel like death itself is a condition of deviance. In this way, yet again, the individual is placed in an inferior state, stripped of power over their bodies ´ natural tendencies. Simply put, doctors are placed within the hierarchal structure as priests or shamans, the controllers of the power, the ultimate oracles for the human condition and the decision makers regarding our bodies as medicine corners more and more areas of our lives.   The medicalitzation of phenomena also follow ritualistic behavior. In much the same way as a priest tells us how to behave morally in order to avoid damnation, and a psychologist tells us how to behave socially in order to avoid imprisonment, similarly, medical doctors and pharmaceutical companies lay claim on bodies by instructing them how to behave in order to be free from disease. This ritual is based on imagery, which comes to us in the form of the mass media. The mass media represents the motivating ritualization force behind medicalization, whereby viewers are constantly being presented with a list of new diseases and the remedies offered to relieve these problems. Unfortunately, many of the so-called diseases are in fact natural processes in the pathway of life. Rituals of Sadistic Pornography as Related to Power Structure Deeply embedded into each of these three previously outlined power structures is an inherent need for group control. This is a reflection of an individual need for control, and of an inherent dissatisfaction with one’s own self. Nowhere can this be clearer seen than in sadistic pornography. In her book, Pornography and Silence, Susan Griffin eloquently describes the process of control in pornography. There need not be pain transpiring between the two people. The essential element is control and humiliation. One must be in control of the other, and own must humiliate the other in this culture to have power over another is a form of humiliation also objectification is a form of humiliation. We can extend this metaphor towards each of the aforementioned structures, whereby hegemony represents the sadist. A simple look into the definition of the two terms reinforces this belief. Hegemony is defined as the dominance or leadership of one social group or nation over another. A sadist is defined as someone who enjoys inflicting pain over another. The very nature of dominance is the clear intent to subordinate another, and in this lies the need for control as seen in demonology, classical criminology and medicalization. It is also the basic structure for any system, whether capitalism, racism, or religion, whereby one imposes power over another. â€Å"Group-ness† is the nature of humans, as well as many animals. We have the tendency to form groups for emotional and biological well-being. Against this backdrop, it is not to say that the nature of groups is sadistic, and therefore grouping is the problem. It is possible to create groups for social cohesion and working together in a way the supports the rights of the individual. This involves a commitment on the part of each individual to only be responsible for his/her own actions. It requires a deep realization, on a psychological level within the individual, that the creation of â€Å"Otherness† will do nothing but further alienate. In this light, we can begin to heal these destructive social devices through an acceptance of the individual right to have ownership of his/her body and processes as well as modes of behavior and expression. Sources (1) Griffin, Susan. â€Å"Pornography and Silence: Culture’s Revenge Against Nature† (2) Mor, Barbara. Sjoo, Monica. â€Å"The Great Cosmic Mother: Rediscovering the Religion of the Earth† (3) Pfohl, Stephen. â€Å"Images of Deviance and Social Control: A Sociological History† (4) Williams, Patricia. â€Å"The Alchemy of Race and Rights: Diary of a Law Professor† Web Sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-classical_school http://www.uta.fi/laitokset/tsph/health/society/medicalisation.html Online Dictionary of the Social Sciences. bitbucket.icaap.org/dict.pl?term=CLASSICAL%20CRIMINOLOGY 7k

Case Analysis for Nursing Ethics Paper Essay Example for Free

Case Analysis for Nursing Ethics Paper Essay Overview A forty-eight year old female patient was brought into the emergency department with petechiae/purpura distributed over her skin. Her husband reported that she started to bleed from her nostrils and mouth. She suddenly appeared to have had what seemed to be unexplained bruises on her body and was semi comatose. In a state of panic, her husband brought her to the emergency department. With a heart rate of 180, her blood pressure was 60/24 and she was going into endotoxic shock. She received emergency care that made her stable enough to be transferred to the ICU where she became conscious and able to communicate. The medical team explained the seriousness of her condition and their plans for her treatment but she declined their proposal for further care and complained about inadequate insurance coverage for that hospital. She further professed her faith in God for divine healing. The medical team was then faced with offering this patient treatment regardless of her ability to pay to avoid the imminent danger of her leaving the hospital at that time. Medical Indications This forty eight year old female patient, who had no medical history in this hospital was diagnosed with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC). DIC is a rare, life-threatening condition that prevents normal blood clotting in an individual. A treatment refusal or decline may hasten the disease process resulting in excessive clotting (thrombosis) or bleeding (hemorrhage) throughout the body leading to shock, organ failure or even death. Prognosis varies depending on the underlying disorder and the extent of clotting. Regardless of the cause, the prognosis is often poor, with 10-50% of patients dying. The goal of treatment is to stop bleeding and prevent death. According to WebMD (2007), in DIC, the body’s natural ability to regulate clotting does not function properly. This causes the platelets to clump and clog small blood vessels throughout the body. This excessive clotting damages organs, destroys blood cells, and depletes the supply of platelets and other clotting factors so that the blood is no longer able to clot normally. This often causes widespread bleeding, both internally and externally, a condition that can be reversed if treatment is carried out  promptly. Current indication for treatment include interventions such as transfusion of blood cells and other blood products to replace what has been lost through bleeding. Numerous tests to establish the probable cause of this condition have to be done because it is usually a first symptom of a disease such as cancer or it could be triggered by another major health problem. Patient Preferences The patient is informed of the benefits of follow up interventions after emergency care as well as the likelihood of losing functions of major organs and even death without following interventions being implemented. The principle of autonomy comes to play since it is her right to choose where, when and how she gets her health care. Based on the medical report and her personal reasons for deciding to leave the hospital against medical advice, there seems to be no evidence that she is mentally incapable. There is also no justification in disregarding her requests nevertheless, it is doubtful if she actually understands and appreciates the situation. Her preferences were to be signed AMA (against medical advice) so she can find cheaper, alternative care. Her husband, who was present with her, tried to convince her to accept the teams’ proposal but she insisted that she could not afford it. In my opinion, the patient decision was as a result of her ignorance of what choices was av ailable to her. Quality of life The quality of life for this patient is severely compromised because of the symptoms associated with this diagnosis (bleeding, syncope, weakness, shortness of breath, etc). As stated earlier, DIC could be as a result of an underlying disease such as cancer. If so, chemotherapy and radiation could help alleviate symptoms and give her a vibrant life expectancy. Also, there is the possibility that she would experience tremendous medical progress with treatment if her diagnosis has to do with platelet malfunction. However, we cannot tell, since she turned down any advice by the team to carry out blood tests. Without immediate treatment, she runs the risk of damage to major organs of her body, which could eventually lead to death. Time is of essence here because the longer she delays intervention, the more likely she has irrevocable damage that might negatively alter her previous  quality of life. Ethical issues that would arise with this patient is the emergency care she got, it got her stable enough to where she could refuse treatment. An assumption that we could make about receiving that care is, ‘what if she got into a DIC coma and had to be on a ventilator?’. She would have been unconscious and would probably not be able to debate whether she receives care or not. Contextual features Without casting aspersions, the reason, obvious to me, for refusal of care is financial. The patient talked about shopping for cheaper healthcare. This is a patient born to American missionaries in Brazil. As an American citizen, she took up the calling of her parents and was also a missonary in Brazil for most of her life. She married a man from England who is unaware of how the American system works. Her reason is justified because she probably had little to no social security and with her sojourn in Brazil, we can say that she has been accultured. Therefore her outlook and way of thinking would affect her decision about healthcare in America. Another contextual feature is that of religion and faith, the patient said that her faith in God would heal her but failed to see that this might be why she was at the hospital at that time. It is difficult to attribute her decision solely to faith or finance alone but one thing that stands out is the fact her husband tried to convince her otherwise. Still, she kept saying this was what she wanted. Her husband seemed helpless as he tried to communicate with the team however the patient kept saying that this was about her not him. My patient’s lack of insurance, her job as a missionary and her inability to pay acts as a bias that would prejudice the providers’ evaluation of her quality of life. Analysis The goal of medicine involves promoting health, curing disease, optimizing quality of life, preventing untimely death, improving function (maleficence), educating and counseling, avoiding harm (non-maleficence) and assisting in a peaceful death. The ethical dilemma is deciding to let her go based on her wishes (autonomy) versus doing what seems to be the overall right thing (paternalism), which is giving her treatment (beneficence), thus preventing harm (non-maleficence). The maleficent nature of medicine propels the team to convince the patient of what they think would restore her  health. In a bid to ‘do good(maleficence), she got emergency care that made her stable enough to communicate and state her wishes. Apart from maleficence and non-maleficence there are multiple ethical issues embedded in this case; the medical team is faced with honoring this patient’s autonomy and letting her go when they know she could be dead in a few hours without treatment. Nevertheless the patient is exercising her autonomy at her own detriment because she and her husband got adequate disclosure communicated clearly by the healthcare team about the reasons for treatment and the benefits burdens related to her decision. The team’s scope of disclosure covered her current medical state, the possible interventions to improve prognosis and their recommendation based on clinical judgement. In addition, they are faced with medically determining her decisional capacity because of the possibility that her mental state might be affected by the pathology and her inability to afford care. If proven to be incompetent, then interventions are carried out regardless of what she wants. Hence, the medical team will deliberately override this patient’s autonomy because of their perceived notion of beneficence (paternalism). As medical practitioners, the team weighs the consequence (utilitarianism) of letting her go. To them, the action that would produce the best overall result is to go ahead and give her treatment. The ethical theory of deontology gives the team, the moral duty and obligation to do good and prevent harm. Compassion and sympathy (Ethics of care) also play a big role here, consider a patient who had committed her life to helping others, yet in her time of need could not get reciprocity. These emotions should play a major role in how the team decides to proceed. The nurse involved with this patient has an obligation to get to know this patient so that she can effectively advocate for her. Inasmuch as I know she has the right to refuse treatment, I strongly believe that her refusal is based on the insubstantiality of information and her lack of knowledge of what is accessible to her. Recommendation I recommend that the patient’s autonomy be empowered not overpowered by giving her information on what is available to her. An advocate (her nurse, case manager or social worker) should be assigned to her. In addition, the Chaplain should be invited to offer spiritual counseling. Asking the right questions, getting to understand her fears and giving her hope. Many  hospitals and clinics have patient navigators that can help determine financial aid for patients who cannot afford care or who do not have Medicaid/insurance. The team should encourage the patient that at this point money is of no consequence, her life and health come first in other words everything will be done to get her aid. I also recommend that the team critically asseses the decision-making capacity of the patient since it determines whether a patient’s health care decisions will be sought and accepted. Furthermore the patient should also be educated on and encouraged to put in place advanced directives to promote her autonomy and avoid a situation where there is no one to decide in case she is incapacitated. Justification In my opinion, Individuals respond favorably to people, things, beliefs and circumstances that hold significance, value and passion for them. Pesut’s (2009) article, confirms that incorporating spirituality into care where appropriate, has the potential to maximize health care quality. For this to be effective, the healthcare team has to look at the patient holistically, they have to put into consideration her profession of faith and how getting the chaplain involved will convince her that the medical team does not just want her money rather they value her worth. Subsequently, paternalism as a recommendation seems to be arbitrary and counteracts the autonomy of the patient, yet Whitney and McCullough (2007) in their article Physicians Silent Decisions: Because Patient Autonomy Does not Always Come First, give support to selective paternalism. They argue that Patients values and preferences play varying roles in medical decisions (Whitney et al. 2004). Indeed my patients refusal to accept care was not because she wanted to die but because her values of faith and her preference to spend within her means trumped getting the immediate intervention. Suffice to say that culture can be considered in this case because it influences values and preferences. My patients background was Brazilian, this is a country where there is little trust for the healthcare system. Hospitals and clinics are more interested in how much money they can make. So, Individuals that reside there, do not have routine checkup, they often wait till they are about to die before they go to a physician. And in this time they are constantly visiting places of worship in belief that they would be miraculously healed. As a result, my  patient probably had many symptoms over a period of time but did not go to the hospital, incidentally when she was brought in, it was a matter of life and death. With the team’s knowledge of her diagnosis and its prognosis, my patie nts preference became largely irrelevant. Yet, the physicians wanted to respect her autonomy and her sense of dignity by maintaining her part in the decision-making. As medical practitioners we uphold the goals of shared decision-making and of empowering patients to make important choices. However, these objectives provide important insights, not universal answers. In medicine, as elsewhere, individual choice, however highly we value it, must compete with individual welfare and with constraints of time and money hence the decisive factor will depend on the particular situation at hand. (Whitney and McCullough 2007 p. 37). Next, they explained that decision-making, whether silent or spoken by the physician must be understood in terms of the clinical encounter. In fact the overriding of her autonomy was for her own good. My rationale for encouraging advanced directives especially if she is deemed competent at the moment is, in the event that she can no longer make a decision in the future, something and someone will be in place to help. It will help to guide future clinical decisions and promote confidence in the decision of the surrogate she choos es. According to Lynch, Mathes and Sawicki (2008), patients are in the best position to make choices for themselves, or at least a position that is superior to that held by any other party. Therefore, patient directives must be enforced, though not through the mechanism of strict liability. (p. 158). Therefore, a decision written and signed by the patient legally would prevail, in the event that she becomes incapacitated and cannot decide she would already have that in place. Medical practitioners are encouraged to inform all patients’ about the importance of advance directives because it removes the burden of dealing with what the patients would have wanted. In summary, the discussion and justification of proceeding with medical intervention yet disregarding the patient’s decision, proves that autonomy can be respectfully countered. This is congruent in continuing with medicine’s obligation to do no harm, do good and serve in the best interest of the patient. Evaluation The desired outcome was that this patient receives the care and intervention  that she needed in time to prevent gross damage to her body thus altering her quality of life. With the input of the chaplain, her husband, the advocate and careful communication with this patient, the patient admits that she wanted the best care. She accepts the offer for financial assistance and receives the appropriate intervention. The nurse and medical personnel express satisfaction in saving her life (maleficent), Her husband is elated and he also signs an advanced directive for himself. It seemed difficult to convince the patient at first but once the suggestion for financial aid and the Chaplain was received, the patient complied with all other recommendations. References Lynch, H. F., Mathes, M., Sawicki, N.N., (2008). Compliance With Advance Directives: Wrongful Living And Tort Law Incentives. The Journal Of Legal Medicine, 29:133–178. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.proxy.medlib.iupui.edu/pubmed/18569439 Pesut, B. (2009). Incorporating patients spirituality into care using Gadows ethical framework. Nurs Ethics. 2009 Jul;16(4):418-28.Retrieved from http://nej.sagepub.com.proxy.medlib.iupui.edu/content/16/4/418.long WebMD, (2007). Retrieved November 26, 2012, from http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/disseminated-intravascular-coagulation-dic-topic-overview Whitney, S. N., McCullough, B. L. (2007). Physicians’ Silent Decisions: Because Patient Autonomy Does Not Always Come First. The American Journal of Bioethics, 7(7): 33–38, 2007. Retrieved from http://mcr.sagepub.com.proxy.medlib.iupui.edu/content/early/2012/10/31/1077558712461952.long

The Playboy of the Western World Analysis

The Playboy of the Western World Analysis J.M. Synges highly controversial play The Playboy of the Western World exposed the middle-class Dublin audience to a different portrayal of Irish countryside life as opposed to the traditional idyllic image they were accustomed to. Synge strongly employs the element of satire in his play, implemented as a device to shock his conventional audience; the plays lack of morals would have offended the audience, so satire is also used to inject humour, creating a light-hearted tragicomedy. In pages 59 62 the presence of satire can be analysed in terms of satirising gender, religion and the presentation of rural Ireland, in addition to how satire is present throughout the entire play. Synge depicts Christy Mahon as a weak, frightened, young man at the beginning of the excerpt, whereas Pegeen is given a strong, almost masculine persona, protecting him from the Widows advances. When the Widow is introduced, the audience sees Christy clinging to Pegeen exclaiming Oh Glory! with Pegeen having to hurriedly give Christy his supper and usher him off to bed like a child. In this extract, the audience sees how Pegeen is given the protector role, exhibiting maternal instincts. In 1907, the satirising of gender roles shown with Synge giving more status to women than men would amuse the audience, as it conflicts with the traditional Irish patriarchal society. Christy is painted as the classic damsel-in-distress, with Pegeen having to fight the Widow, angrily telling her that she will not have him tormented, and he destroyed travelling since Tuesday was a week. Again it is evident that Christy is shying away from his expected male role, leaving Pegeen to defend him, amusing th e audience. When the Widow pulls Christy up, as theyd best be going, young fellow; so rise up and come with me, Pegeen retaliates by seizing his arm, insisting hell not stir. Christy has been compromised in terms of his masculinity; two women have physically placed their control over him, and Christy lacks the strength to disprove their control. This scene would have been very comedic, as not only are Pegeen and the Widow effectively having a brawl, a male associated activity, but Christy is helpless in the middle, like a female. Traditionally, it would have been the men who wooed the women, but Synge has ignored this, with Christy being rather violently wooed by Pegeen and the Widow, eliciting laughter from the audience, who would find the explicit use of satire highly amusing. Synge is presenting Christys essential emasculation, shown by reversing traditional gender roles. Later on in the play a mule race takes place; as D. P. Moran observes, the pursuit of physical-contact Gaelic games [was used as] an antidote to such emasculation. Christys partaking in the race shows how he used this opportunity to reassert his gender after feeling emasculated by Pegeen and the Widow. Throughout the excerpt from p.59-62, repeated references are made to religion, many in the form of Father Reilly, the local priest. Though he is not seen in the excerpt, his presence is acknowledged as he is partially why the Widow went to find Christy Mahon; when Pegeen asks her What ails you, or what is it youre wanting at this hour of the night? the Widow replies that she was after meeting Shawn Keogh and Father Reilly below, who told me of your curiosity man, and they fearing by this time he was roaring, romping on your hands with drink. The audience would not be surprised by Father Reillys attitudes, as in the 1900s Ireland was a devoutly Catholic nation, as Jane Abbottsmith explains The term Irish Irelander originated to characterize the true Irishman: Catholic and with Irish ancestry, learned in Irish folklore and competent in the speaking and reading of the Gaelic language. Abbottsmith continues to remark that it was the Irish peasants, who were the traditionally pious, Catho lic population that was well versed in Irish folklore. Though the 1900s audience would have expected the priests intervention, a modern audience would find it comedic how Pegeen being alone with Christy has prompted such a flustered reaction, suggesting Synges attitudes were ahead of his time. Irish society was devoutly religious, so the audience would have been surprised at how Father Reilly is the only religious character. The other characters do not seem to incorporate religion in their personas, shocking the audience. However, the only other character to be religious would cause offence: the Widow Quin remarks to Christ God save you mister! which is highly ironic as her intentions for him are far from holy. Seeing such a scandalized, predatory character using the Lords name would have undoubtedly offended the audience. The power of the Catholic Church is a running theme throughout the play, as Synge would be aware that his audience would compare what they see onstage to the Chur chs teachings. Therefore Synge has satirised religion to expose the absurdity of the extreme religious views in Ireland; a lack of religion in the other characters further show the audience how independent rural Ireland is from middle-class conventions. The portrayal of life in the Irish countryside was undoubtedly one of the main sources of controversy in the play. The middle class audience would have had the conception of rural Ireland employing a quiet, idyllic life however Synges play disproves this, county Mayo being the antithesis to their expectations. Christy is welcomed with open arms, despite the town knowing he murdered his father. As Adrian Fraser notes, The Playboy could be read as exploring a converse proposition: a communal willingness to absorb (even glorify) those who break the ultimate taboo against patricide. Christys glorification would greatly concern the audience, inducing outrage. By satirising countryside life, Synge was providing a social commentary on life in the isolated rural coast. However, Christy is later disgraced in the play, when the characters realise they have been deceived. When Pegeen tells of how the Widow supposedly murdered her husband, where she hit himself with a worn pick, and the rusted poison did corrode his blood the way he never overed it, and died after. That was a sneaky kind of murder did win small glory with the boys itself the audience would be shocked that such sin runs free in the countryside. As Fraser again writes, The Playboy of the Western World is a social satire of rural life that is fantastic, grotesque, and profound. At the plays conclusion, when Christy leaves Pegeen for his adventures, the audience would find humour at the contrast between their futures: Christy is off to live a life of excitement, whilst Pegeen is doomed to a fate of marrying Shawn and a dull life in County Mayo. The difference in their fates reinforces the plays status as a tragicomedy. Synge uses the element of satire in his play to expose to the middle class Dublin audience what life was like for the people of the countryside; the plays controversy stemmed from people disliking what they saw. By satirising gender roles, religion and the idyllic conception of Irish countryside life, Synge was effectively able to annul the pastoral sentiments felt towards them, illustrating to the middle class how independent rural Ireland was to the pretentious Dubliners. As Heidi Holder says Synge makes it quite clear to his audiences that their beloved image of the Irish country folk was a mere construction a construction eminently open to challenge, and it was precisely this dismantling of the distinctions between fiction and reality that was the source of Synges conflict with his audience.

Comparison of the American and Chinese Cultures Essay -- Papers USA Ch

Comparison of the American and Chinese Cultures Cultural differences are apparent from one group of people to another. Culture is based on many things that are passed on from one generation to the next. Most of the time people take for granted their language, beliefs, and values. When it comes the cultural differences of people there is no right or wrong. People should be aware of others culture and respect the differences that are between them. The United States and China are two very large countries that have cultures that are well known through out the world. There are many differences between the United States and China, but there are many contributing factors that shape the cultures of these two countries. Language is universal, but there are different meanings and sounds, which vary from one culture to another. In China citizens speak many languages, but about 94% speak the Chinese language. The difference in dialects was overcome by the written word and eventually a version of Mandrin became the â€Å"official speech† (The Cambridge Illustrated History of China, 1996,p.304). In America there are many ethnic groups with many varieties of language. The U.S. was created through many people from different countries migrating to the new states. In the U.S. there is an â€Å"official speech† which is the English language. The language of both these countries are not only different in meaning and sound, but also reflect the way in which the people in these societies live, believe, and function. Religion usually plays a big part in the cultures of the world and is the basis for their beliefs and values. In many countries religion is very important, so important that some cultures use it in every aspect of their lives. China l... ... World Wide Web: http://english.peopledaily.com. Chinatown-online is a wonderful site with an abundance of information about China. (http://www.chinatown-online.com). Henslin, J. M., (1999). Sociology A Down-to-Earth Approach (4th ed.). Massachusetts: Allyn and Bacon. Education for Children: (1999). Retrieved March 21, 2001, from the World Wide Web: http://chineseculture.about.com/culture/chineseculture/l†¦/blskids4.htm?terms=chinese+educatio Thinkquest Team, (1998) . Destiny, the Culture of China: http://library.thinkquest.org/20443/culture.html ICL Document, (1988) . ICL- China Constitution: Retrieved March27, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://www.uni-wuerzburg.de/law/ch00000_.html American academy of Pediatrics (AAP), (1999). US Vital Statistics show Death Rates down, Birth Rates up: http://www.aapaorg/advocacy/archives/decvital.htm

The Japanese Militarys Threat to Americans :: Japan Army Military War Essays

The Japanese Military's Threat to Americans The war in the Pacific was unlike the European and Mediterranean campaigns. Throughout the European campaign the allied forces focused on strategic bombing and ground forces. Tank usage was more evident during the African and European theatres also. There were many changes in warfare that occurred during World War II. Warfare in the African and European theatre was fought mainly in the air and on ground. Due, in part, to the landscape of the Pacific warfare evolved: sophistication in technology and weaponry increased, heated struggles with a fanatical enemy, and increased coordination between air and naval support. Island hopping became the paradigm in the Pacific, naval and air support would lead the way. The U.S. Navy moved into the Pacific in 1942. â€Å"Americans combined air, land, and sea forces for tremendous strides across the ocean.†# The navy fighter planes and bombers would inflict serious damage upon the Japanese navy. â€Å"In one day aircraft sank all the transports and four destroyers; the Japanese lost 3,000 soldiers and most of the 51st Division’s staff.†# Naval craft moved troops and planes into the Pacific. Fighter planes and bombers cleared the way for the oncoming fleets. This led to the ability of the American forces to begin taking strategic islands. Sledge described naval support, â€Å"H-hour, 0800. Long jets of red flame mixed with thick black smoke rushed out of the muzzles of the huge battleships’ 16-inch guns†¦The giant shells tore through the air toward the island, roaring like locomotives.†# The bombardment of the beaches was necessary due to the resistance of Japanese forces that protected them. â€Å"On the reef and beach amtracs and DUKW’s burned while Japanese machine-gun fire went splashing through the water.†# American forces would secure islands while sea and air forces worked hand in hand supplying the troops. Supplies were received from sea through amphibious landings and air drops. The air and naval forces proved effective due to the sophistication of technology and weaponry they carried. New technology allowed the allied forces to land on the beaches from carriers out at sea. Problems arose when low tides stranded Higgins boats on reefs far from the beaches. â€Å"†¦lowered water levels caused Higgins boats (LCVP: Landing Craft, Vehicle and Personnel) to strand on the reef†¦ the use of amphibian tractors (LVTs: Landing Vehicles, Tracked; assault amphibians) to carry the troops across the reef.

The Influences of C.G. Jung Essay -- Jung

The Influences of C.G. Jung      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Carl Gustav Jung was influenced by literature, symbolism, religion, and the occult From a very young age. Jung's influencs remained with him as he became a doctor of medicine and a psychological theorist. The philosophical, the supernatural, the symbolic, the religious, and the occult all influenced Jung's area of psychological expertise, making Jung's psychology not only unique to Jung, but also pioneering in the field of general psychoanalysis.    In Ernest Gallo's article "Synchronicity and the Archetypes. (Carl Jung's Doctrines)", Gallo cites that Jung was "deeply drawn to the occult" (Gallo, 1994). Jung's younger cousin, Helen Preiswerk, had the ability to actually shatter knives in a drawer "with a loud bang" (Gallo, 1994). This and other similar cases caused Jung to write his medical dissertation about occult phenomena using this cousin as his subject. Gallo continues by citing that "while Jung was arguing with Freud about psychic phenomena, a loud noise emanated from a bookcase; Jung predicted that it would be repeated and was highly impressed when this portentous prediction came true." (Gallo, 1994). Jung also reported that "he saw the vision of a face half buried in the pillow next to him" (Gallo, 1994). Despite Jung's lack of doubt toward these experiences, Gallo says that "Jung was far more than a simple occultist." (Gallo, 1994), and that Jung was "engagingly skeptical about his wilder speculations" (Gallo, 1994).    The son of a Protestant Minister, Jung also had ties to western religion. Ties that showed themselves in his beliefs and writings (Microsoft Encarta 96 Encyclopedia). Jung cited the importance of the unconscious as a religious channel in his psycho... ...s Cited and Consulted Abstracts of the Collected Works of C. G. Jung. (1976). Rockville, Maryland: Princeton University Press. Bookshelf 1996-97 [Computer program]. (1996). Microsoft. Coursen, Herbert R. (1986). The compensatory Psyche: A Jungian Approach to Shakespeare. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. Gallo, Ernest (Summer 1994). Synchronicity and the Archetypes. (Carl Jung's Doctrines). Skeptical Inquirer, pp. 396 - 404. Jung, Carl G., & von Franz, M.-L. (1964). Man and his Symbols. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Co., Inc. Kast, Verena (1996). The process of individuation. Retrieved June 17, 1997 from the World Wide Web: http://www.jungnet.org/cgibin/dispatch Microsoft Encarta 96 Encyclopedia [Computer program] (1995). Microsoft. Moreno, Antonio (1978). Jung, gods, & Modern Man. London: Sheldon Press.      

My Dream Job Essay

Everyone has a dream. I too dream of a job that will make me child’s dream comes true. My grandfather and father both traditional Chinese physician. They have excellent medical skill and lofty medical ethic. In China, The doctor is called ‘angles in white’, People respect them. I used to get sick in my childhood. My father always can cure my disease by traditional Chinese medical. I think everything like a magic. I feel so amazing. I adore my father, so when I was a child, I want to be a traditional Chinese physician. And then the dream is not changed. History By learning about more knowledge, I know Traditional Chinese medicine has a history of several years. It is one of Chinese splendid cultural heritages. It is the science dealing with human physiology, pathology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases. During several thousand years it has made great contributions to the promotion of health, the proliferation and prosperity of the Chinese nation, and the enrichment and development of world medicine as well. pic] Li Shizhen, one of the famous physicians in the Chinese history. He is very important for the traditional Chinese medical’ develop. He makes people start attention it. He wrote too many books that about how to use the tradition skill to cure the sickness to save the patient. [pic] ‘Ben Cao Gang Mu’ is the most famous of traditional Chinese medical books by Li Shizhen wro te. The book consists of 52 volumes with 1,892 medicinal herbs, including over 10,000 prescriptions and 1,000 illustrations of medicinal items. It is a great contribution to the development of pharmacology both in China and all over the world. Methods of treatment †¢ Diagnose skills †¢ Chinese massage †¢ Acupuncture †¢ Chinese herbs ? Diagnose skills [pic] There is a combined use of the four diagnostic methods among herbalist doctors: observe, hear and smell, ask about background and touching After the four steps, the doctor can know patient’s illness. Then treatment was deferred pending further diagnosis. ? Chinese massage [pic] Chinese massage is known as Tui Na, uses wave-like motions to loosen joints and nourish muscles. Bring awareness back to a person’s body and making it a first step in the healing process. Stimulate the flow of Qi, blood and body fluids can be used to treat pain, stress or digestion problem. The masseur can give you an all-over massage and focus on specific areas with pain or do a treatment on the affected area. So tradition Chinese medical can use our life. Chinese massage need skilled technological and more experiences. So I should constant practice. ? Acupuncture Acupuncture is both One of the oldest forms of Chinese Medicine. It as same as massage are both important. Acupuncture involves the stimulation of anatomical points on the body with thin needled. Needles are placed at â€Å"Yin/Yang Meridian points†. Contrary to what you might think, acupuncture patients usually feel little to no pain, because acupuncture needles are hair-thin and are manipulated either by hand or electricity. [pic] ? Chinese herbs Except for use these skills, tradition Chinese physician also need know Chinese herbs purposes. Herbs are a vital part of Chinese healing. Chinese herbs have many kinds. Differentiate into many species. Each ingredient has unique characteristics. The ingredients work in harmony to help a person’s body. Herbs can help boost Qi and balance Yin/Yang. [pic] Advantage †¢ Whatever traditional Chinese physician or other doctors, they have many same effects. They like an angel who brings patients from illness to happiness and give the hope to the patients to live on. They may let these experiences personally the human which the indisposition suffers to get rid of the pain and they saved many people’s lives during their work. †¢ Traditional Chinese physician not only can help patients take away the pain, but also help people keep in good health by some traditional methods. For example: Chinese food therapy is good for our health, and it can use to our daily life, for food and drink. Certain foods and herbs are prescribed to restore balance to the body. Combining Qigong with exercise is a good choice, because it regulates the mind and breathing to promote the flow of Qi. It can make our sound in body and mind. [pic] [pic] †¢ Traditional Chinese medicine contains thousands of year people’s wisdom. It is only belong to Chinese unique culture. †¢ And Chinese herbs are from nature, without adding any chemicals. So the herbs don’t have bad effect for health. Tradition Chinese medicine is an abstract subject. It has many different skills. The effects of different, but they are the same important. So I know that if I want to be a good tradition Chinese physician, I need spend many energy and time to master different knowledge and learn how to become a good doctor. I will try do my best that make dream come true.

Congressional Hearings in the US

Included in the Fourteenth Amendment argon two very important clauses. These clauses argon the pit vindication and collectable fulfill of faithfulness clauses. Both of these concepts play an submissive role in the well cosmos of the common American man. In addition, they some(prenominal) deal with issues regarding the fairness of practice of law. The repayable change of law deals with the political sympathies fulfilling its responsibilities in trials, magical spell the gibe justification clause concerns equating in peoples lives under the paper.The thought of repayable cognitive operation of law is first mentioned in the Fourteenth Amendment near the beginning when it states No state sh whole make or put through whatsoever law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States nor shall any state rifle any person of life, liberty, or berth, without repayable lick of law nor deny to any person inwardly its jurisdiction the constitute protection of the laws.This can be explained as a mans rights to a fair governing. It is one of the oldest constitutional principles and the out-of-pocket subprogram refers to the requirement that the actions of organization be conducted according to the rule of law. No regime can be above the law and the government cannot interfere with the rights of life, liberty, and property however according to established procedures of law. The Fourteenth Amendment too requires state governments to respect ascribable butt of law and gives the federal government the agent to enforce this requirement.In America there are two various types of due butt against of law, procedural due process of law and substantive due process of law. Procedural due process of law means the government moldiness use fair procedures in fulfilling its responsibilities. It requires that the procedures use by government in making, applying, interpreting, and enforcing law be reasonable and consist ent. Substantive due process of law came in later on on and differed slightly from procedural due process. It do a requirement that the government could not make laws that apply to situations in which the government has no business interfering. It requires that the substance or calculate of laws be constitutional. The difference in the midst of procedural and substantive is that procedural says nothing about interference in authoritative fortunes, while substantive does.The Fourteenth Amendment continues and later talks about the cope with protection clause. It states that no state may deny to any person within its jurisdiction the adjoin protection of the laws. By this provision the amendment gave a new immenseness to the principle of equality in the Constitution and peoples lives. The Fourteenth Amendments original purpose was to create a society in which all people were treated as before the law. However, through various interpretations it make it seem that the gover nment was responsible for guaranteeing that all its citizens were equal in the amount of property they possesses, their living standards, education, medical care, and working conditions. It meant that no individual or group was to incomplete receive special privileges nor be divest of received rights under the law.The principle of a hold government is related to some(prenominal) of the aforementioned clauses in an assortment of different ways. It closely relates to the concept of due process of law in that both are in favor of the protection of the congenital rights philosophy that states men should not be deprived of the rights of life, liberty, or property. Additionally due process of law and limited government relate to each other in that both say that no government can be above the law. The imagine of limited government relates to the equal protection of the law by stressing a non-discriminatory government. The equal protection of law established equality before the law, giving the same rights to a poor man, as a gamy and powerful man may have. Similarly, limited government pushed for restraints and limits on power, which in reach made it difficult for certain people to become more powerful than others.The equal protection clause can be found in action in 1952, in the case of Brown vs. the mount up of Education of Topeka, Kansas. The case was based on the segregation of educational facilities. The NAACP changed their focus from integrate higher educational facilities to integrated nock schools. After the change, the NAACP stepped in on this case and argued that segregated educational facilities were incommensurate, degrading to wispy students, and violated the fourteenth amendments guarantee for equal protection.On May 17, 1954, the Supreme judicature ruled that segregated schools were inherently unequal and did violate the Fourteenth Amendment. Brown vs. the visiting card of Education was a conquest for the blacks as well as a victory for the power of the equal protection clause when correctly used. With this victory, an expansion of the protections of the Constitution was created, the equal protection clause would now be used again and again to rouse the battle against unfair and unequal standards for certain groups.

Social Class and Inequality

Social Class and Inequality Social inequality has been defined as a conflicting status within a society with regards to the individual, property rights, and access to education, medical care, and welfare programs. Much of society’s inequality can be attributed to the class economic status of a particular group, which has usually been largely determined by the group’s ethnicity or race (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). The conflict perspective is an attempt to understand the group conflict that occurs by the protection of one’s status at the expense of the other.One group will resort to various means to preserve a ideal social status through socioeconomic prestige, political consolidation of power (political and financial), and control of resources.Unemployment rate is a financial index for virtually any nation.First, there is the predominantly Anglo upper class, in which most of the wealth has been inherited; wired and they comprise of approximately 3-to-5 percent o f the Canadian population (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).Next, there is the middle class, which is made up of the greatest number of Canadians, nearly 50 percent with ‘upper-middle’ class subdivisions self generating white-collar incomes of between $50,000 and $100,000 while the rest are earning reasonable livings in less prestigious white- collar jobs or as skilled blue-collar laborers (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). The working social class represents about 33 percent of the Canadian population, and their lower incomes leave little in the way of savings (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).Finally, there is the lower class, which is represented by about 20 percent of the population (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).Class inequalities do not seem to be extending.

For example, in Canada, physicians and lawyers continue to reside at the top of the social ladder while newspaper delivery persons or hospitality staff rank at the bottom (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). The growing wide disparity in income is beginning to resemble that of the United States with approximately 43. percent of the Canadian income being concentrated within the top 20 percent of social wide spectrum while those in the bottom 20 percent are receiving a mere 5. 2 percent of that income (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).It, however, may expand further.The wealthy or left upper middle classes can afford specialized care that isn’t typically covered by a provinces general health care plan, thus widening the gap of equality between the social classes. Within the boundary of the Canadian border we can see the separation between ethnicity, and wealth which determines class.Studies show that predominately the British and French Canadians earn the highest different levels of income whereas the Africans, certain Asian groups, Latin Americans, and Aboriginals consistently rank near the bottom (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). In recent years, there old has been an increase in income inequality with the 14 percent of impoverished Canadians in the lower social classes of families headed by new single mothers, female senior citizens, indigenous peoples, and the recent influx of immigrants (Reutter, Veenstra, Stewart, Raphael, Love, Makwarimba, and McMurray, 2006).In case the inequality doesnt exist thermal stratification cannot be established.

According to Hier & Walby (2006), Porter presented the argument that â€Å"an ‘entrance status’ is assigned to less preferred immigrant groups (particularly southern and eastern Europeans†¦ that restricts collective gains in education, income, and membership among Canadas elite† (p. 83). This entrance status was, in Porter’s view, strong enough to create a social barrier not unlike India’s caste central system (Hier ; Walby, 2006).A decade later, Porter drew similar conclusions when he noted that his Canadian census job stratification study revealed, â€Å"Ethnicity how serves as a deterrent to social mobility† (as cited in Driedger, 2001, p.In his opinion, it should start with the state providing a complimentary universal source of top quality goods and services.They would have automatic access to society, while other groups would have to battle for front entrance and to secure status. Therefore, while a few managed to break throug h, most ethnic groups were consistently refused entrance. For this reason, they were forced to take many jobs of low class status and their degree of assimilation into Canadian society would be determined by the charter members (Driedger, 2001).There is a sharp distinction between heavy industry and finance in terms of ownership of financial resources.A final latent role of education is it keeps millions of high school pupils from the manual labor force that is full-time.

In the years following World War II, the French Canadians of Quebec have sought greater independence (Driedger, 2001). Their discontent resulted in the establishment of the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism in 1963, which emphasized the notion of an â€Å"equal partnership† (Driedger, 2001, p. 21). Even though charter dualism is not articulated in the Canadian constitution, the Quebec provincials believed that their one-third French-speaking status along with the growing number of languages spoken by non-charter members warranted a reclassification to at the very least bilingualism and at the most, an acknowledgement of multiculturalism that would remove existing cultural barriers and provide greater social access.Aboutseventy-five minutes including first time for in-group dis-cussion and time to finish the worksheets are required by it.Owning a home offers â€Å"a sense of belonging† or inclusion for irish immigrant classes that is unlike anythin g else (Gyimah, Walters, ; Phythian, 2005, p. 338).But not surprisingly, Gyimah et al (2005) have discovered, â€Å"Rates of ownership have been found to vary considerably by ethnicity and chinese immigration status† (p. 338).Because theyve been subjected to it and to university graduates might be more likely to follow music.

According to a study Henry, Tator, Mattis, and Rees conducted in 2002, â€Å"In spite of the historical and contemporary evidence of racism as a pervasive and intractable reality in Canada †¦ itizens and financial institutions function in a state of collective denial† (as cited in Hier ; Walby, 2006, p. 83). Throughout the history of Canada, â€Å"institutionalized racism† has been a part of the cultural landscape dating back to the indentured servants and slave labor of the African and Caribbean peoples that first arrived in the seventeenth century, and continued to be oppressed for the next 200 years in the Ontario, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Quebec provinces (Hier ; Walby, 2006).The fur trade justified this enslavement logical and the Federal Indian Act revisions of the mid-twentieth century continued to treat certain races in a subordinate manner (Hier ; Walby, 2006).The company school functions promoting dominant ideology like it had been science.Th erefore, not surprisingly, these students were more likely to drop out of school and be denied any hope of receiving a well-paying job.Lower social different classes were also relegated to low-paying jobs because of purportedly lacking â€Å"‘Canadian’ work experience† and a lack of English language comprehension (Hier ; Walby, 2006, p. 83). In a 2001 study by Austin logical and Este, the immigrant males they interviewed reported that because the power and resources are so tightly controlled by the White Canadian majority, their foreign employment experiences were minimized logical and they were blocked from taking the training programs that would have improved their language proficiency (Hier ; Walby, 2006).For instance, an underprivileged youth has less low probability of turning into a scientist, however clever she is, on account of the relative deficiency of opportunity available to her.

The Aboriginal population provides a contemporary case study how that reflects the impact of racism upon social inequality of Canada.The 2001 Canadian census lists a total of 976,310 Aboriginal peoples throughout the territories and provinces (Adelson, 2005). Of those, more than 600,000 are former Native Americans – referred to as First Nations – and live mostly in the provinces of Ontario, British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan (Adelson, 2005). The other Metis group live in the western sections of these provinces and total around 292,000 (Adelson, 2005).Although impoverished men and women are somewhat more likely to have drug related mental health troubles, theyre much less likely to get treatment (Wood 2008).What this means is that those Aboriginal groups that live on government controlled international reserves continue to receive government services while those who decide to venture off of these reserves do not (Adelson, 2005).Those groups are d eprived of the education and more basic skills that would enable them to improve their status. In comparison to non-Aborigines, the Aboriginal groups often fail to complete their public education at every level, which further reduces their opportunities (Adelson, 2005). In a 2002 study of off-reserve Aboriginals, less than half percent of these children complete the twelfth grade (Adelson, 2005).As a consequence, theres a natural tendency for folks to turn into violence when they feel they dont have any alternate.

This â€Å"circle of disadvantage† results in the Aboriginals being mired in poverty and forced to take low- paying migrant jobs that are often seasonal and provide nothing in the way of employment security (Adelson, 2005, p. 5). Solely on the basis of their ethnicity, these peoples are relegated to the social periphery and are deprived of anything remotely resembling power, prestige, or wealth. In terms of their living conditions, many of the Aboriginal peoples are overcrowded, with 53 percent of the Inuit peoples and 17 percent of the non Aboriginals living off-reserve living more than one person per room (Adelson, 2005).In the circumstances it might naive to think about.Despite their high adult mortality, the aboriginal population also has a high birth rate (Adelson, 2005). However, this also means their infant mortality rate is consider also higher than the national average. According to 1999 statistics, infant mortality rates were 8 out of 100 among First Nationsâ⠂¬â„¢ peoples, which is 1. 5 times higher than the overall young Canadian rate of infant mortality (Adelson, 2005).Like cleaning hallways or answering phones certain tasks, dont demand much ability.

Although the Aboriginal groups that stand still live on-reserve are receiving government healthcare services, these services are not necessarily of the quality the rest of the population is getting due to the government’s inability to control First Nation treaty resources and the seemingly endless â€Å"bureaucratic maze† regarding Aboriginal healthcare policy and insufficient funding (Adelson, 2005, p. 45). Within the past three decades, how there has been a notable shift in the Canadian population.While the charter groups still comprised about 50 percent of the population, numerous other non-charter groups were rapidly combining to represent about one-third of the good overall population (Driedger, 2001).Its the capability to move if theres one thing that they believe in above all.The British population decrease has in no way adversely impacted their prestigious position or political influence. English is still the dominant language and European ancestry determi nes esteemed class status. Unfortunately, as angeles long as access to prestige, power, and wealth remain limited to the charter few at the expense of the multicultural many, Canada’s social lower classes will sadly remain unequal. References Adelson, N.Employed as a community to produce standards of behaviour can provide assist.

(2001). Changing visions in ethnic relations. Canadian Journal of Sociology, 26(3), 421-451. Gyimah, S.(2005). Ethnicity, immigration and housing wealth in Toronto. Canadian Journal of Urban Research, 14(2), 338-363. Hier, S.Canadian Ethnic Studies Journal, 26(1), 83-104.Macionis, J. J. , ; Gerber, L.Retrieved late May 21, 2008, from http://wps. pearsoned. ca/ca_ph_macionis_sociology_6/73/18923/4844438. cw/index.