John Smith Essays (317 words) - Culture, Anthropology,

John Smith History Why Does History Matter? History is one of the most underappreciated subjects included in a modern education. Many students regard history as a useless subject that their school requires for some reason. What's the point of learning about dead people and what they did, when you can learn about something that will be relevant to the present and the future? New information is always expanding the field of science, and english is constantly being perfected like a diamond being polished. These subjects, vital for future education and careers, are all equally important to learn, and are what continue to push humanity upward and onward. But history History tells us who we were, where this world that exists today came from. Although many cynics protest that to dwell on the past rather than looking to the future is a waste of time and effort, any historian can tell just the opposite - that history gives humanity identity, wisdom, tradition, technology, and culture. Before it can be established that history is what gives humanity its identity, the definition of identity must be clear. According to the Cambridge dictionary, identity is who a person is, or the qualities of a person or group that make them different from others.' Therefore, when regarding to the identity of the human race as a whole, the identity is what makes humans different from those of a similar nature - other animals. About 6 million years ago is when the ancestors of humans first began to walk, leaving their hominid peers behind. At that moment, humans began to form their own identity, and have never stopped. Around 100,000 years ago (estimated), humans had a sophisticated enough brain to begin to communicate with sounds, and languages started to form. Fast forward to the Neolithic Revolution, from 10,000 - 3,000 B.C., and humans began to form civilizations, grow crops, and raise livestock.

Air Nz Essay

Air Nz Essay Air Nz Essay Air New Zealand From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Air New Zealand /wiki/File:Air_New_Zealand_logo.svg/wiki/File:Air_New_Zealand_logo.svg IATA ICAO Callsign NZ ANZ NEW ZEALAND Founded 26 April 1940 (as TEAL)[1] Commenced operations 1 April 1965 Hubs Auckland Airport Wellington International Airport Christchurch International Airport Focus cities Los Angeles International Airport Sydney Airport Frequent-flyer program Airpoints Airport lounge Koru Lounge Alliance Star Alliance Subsidiaries Air New Zealand Link Fleet size 107[2] (incl. subsidiaries) Destinations 55 (incl. subsidiaries) Company slogan The airline of Middle earth[3] Parent company New Zealand Government (53%)[4] Headquarters Western Reclamation, Auckland City, New Zealand[5] Key people Christopher Luxon, CEO[6] Norm Thompson, Deputy CEO Revenue NZ$4,618 million (2013)[7] Operating income NZ$898m (2013)[7] Profit NZ$262m NET (2014)[8] Total assets NZ$5,612m (2013)[7] Total equity NZ$1,816m (2013)[7] Employees 11,000 (April, 2014) Website airnewzealand.com Air New Zealand Limited (NZX: AIR, ASX: AIZ) is the national airline and flag carrier of New Zealand.[citation needed] Based in Auckland, the airline operates scheduled passenger flights to 25 domestic and 26 international destinations in 15 countries across Asia, Europe, North America and Oceania.[9] The airline has been a member of the Star Alliance since 1999.[9] Air New Zealand originated in 1940 as Tasman Empire Airways Limited (TEAL), a flying boat company operating trans-Tasman flights between New Zealand and Australia. TEAL became wholly owned by the New Zealand government in 1965, whereupon it was renamed Air New Zealand. The airline mainly served international routes until 1978, when the government merged it and the domestic-orientated New Zealand National Airways Corporation (NAC) into a single airline under the Air New Zealand name. Air New Zealand was largely privatised in 1989, but returned to majority government ownership in 2001 after a failed tie up with Australian carrier Ansett Australia (when Ansett suffered financial issues and folded operations during that year). As of 2014, Air New Zealand carries 13.7 million passengers annually.[9] Air New Zealand's route network focuses on Australasia and the South Pacific, with long-haul services to East Asia, North America and the United

Bio Of Jonathan Swift Essay Research Paper

Bio Of Jonathan Swift Essay, Research Paper Jonathan Swift was born in Dublin on November 30, 1667. His male parent had died before his birth, and shortly after he was born, his female parent returned to Leicestershire. He was left in the attention of his three uncles, peculiarly his Uncle Godwin. It is believed that this state of affairs, along with his unstable homelife, led to a sense of insecurity and forsaking that he carried with him for the remainder of his life. At age 6, he was sent to the best school in Ireland, the Kilkenny School. Then at age 15 he entered Trinity College, located in Dublin. He did non pay much attending to his surveies, and in 1686 he received his degree speciali grata ( by particular favour ) . He continued surveies at Trinity in hopes of deriving an advanced grade, but because of political agitation he was forced to travel to England in 1689. In England, he worked as a secretary to Sir William Temple at Moor Park, Surrey. Swift worked with Temple, a diplomat and author who was fixing his memoirs, for the following 10 old ages. It was here that he met Esther Johnson, the love of his life, whom he nicknamed Stella. Simultaneously, he attended Oxford where he have his M.A. in 1692. He wished to come in political relations but settled alternatively for the church, in which he was ordained in 1694. In January of 1695 he was ordained priest, Prebend of Kilroot. In 1697 he wrote The Battle of the Books, which was subsequently published in 1704. In the ulterior 1690? s he wrote The Tale of the Tub, his first published work. When Temple died in 1699, Swift went back to England every bit chaplain to the Earl of Berkely. In 1700, he became one of the canons of St. Patrick? s Cathedral and wrote articles and letters for the English Whigs. In 1702 he moved back to England in hope of political assignment, and it was here that he published A Tale of the Tub. It was a sarcasm on corruptness in faith and acquisition. Battle of the Books was a mock heroic sarcasm. The eye-popping sarcasm of these plants earned him ill fame but no assignment. The Bickerstaff Papers ( 1707-09 ) , some of which foremost appeared in Richard Steele? s Tatler, a newspaper to which Swift frequently contributed, demolished the pretenses of John Partridge, a popular astrologist. In 1709 he was sent to London to beg financess for his church in Ireland. The Whig leaders refused to allow his petition because they were sympathetic to the Puritans and dissidents. Although Swift had been a member of the Whig party since birth, he was uncomfortable with many of the party? s beliefs. Swift? s fright of the Puritans caused him to exchange si des to the Tory party in 1710. The Tories recognized that Swift was a valuable plus to their cause, and made him editor of their diary, the Examiner. This made him an unofficial power in English political relations, every bit good as a prima author. Later that twelvemonth, he learned of his female parent? s decease, but he was non really affected since she played a minimum function in his life and upbringing. During this clip period, his friends included, Steele, Alexander Pope and John Gay. His life at this clip is recorded in the Journal to Stella, which were his letters to Esther Johnson. In 1713, the Scriblerus Club was founded by Swift, Pope, Parnell, Gay, and Arbuthnot. When the Tories fell in 1714, his political power ended. Swift was so appointed Dean of St. Patrick? s. This station carried great prestigiousness, but it made it impossible for him to go forth Ireland. Ireland in the eighteenth century was a settlement of England, exploited by absentee English landlords and denied self-determination. The spectacle of Irish servitude in general and in peculiar a strategy by one William Wood, who had received a royal patent to publish a new Irish mintage and planned to gain from corrupting it, provoked Swift in 1724 to compose the Drapier? s Letters, cheering the Irish to decline Wood? s mintage and develop their ain economic system. The development of the Irish economic system was besides the subject of his last and most superb sarcasm, A Modest Proposal, ( 1729 ) in which he ironically counseled his c ountrymen to turn their kids into a hard currency harvest. These attempts made Swift a national hero, but even so did non accommodate him to populating in Ireland. In 1726 Jonathan Swift visits England with a manuscript for Gulliver? s Travels, which was published anonymously. This was his last visit to England, that same twelvemonth Gulliver? s Travels was translated into French, German, and Dutch. In 1728, Esther # 8220 ; Stella # 8221 ; Johnson died. In 1731, Verses on the Death of Dr. Swift, was written. In 1732, Swift? s beloved friend John Gay died. In 1735, Faulkner publishes Swift? s plants and the corrected version of Gulliver? s Travels. Swift? s concluding old ages are the topic of some contention. Some have suggested that Swift went insane, but that theory has non been confirmed. It is known that Swift suffered from dizziness, due to an interior ear disease. However he remained inactive throughout the 1730? s, before enduring a shot in 1742. He declined mentally and in 1742 he was declared unfit to pull off himself. For the following three old ages, Swift was cared for by defenders. On October 19, 1745 Jonathan Swift died. He was buried in St. Patrick? s Cathedral, following to Stella. On the wall following to his casket is an epitaph written himself. It reads: # 8220 ; The organic structure of Jonathan Swift, Doctor of Sacred Theology, dean of this cathedral church, is buried here, where ferocious outrage can no more lacerate his bosom. Go, traveller, and imitate, if you can, one who strove with all his strength to title-holder autonomy # 8221 ; . As a ironist Swift? s technique was to make fictional talkers, such as Lemuel Gulliver and the Modest Proposel, who arrant sentiments that the intelligent reader will acknowledge as sinfully self-satisfied, narcissistic, stupid, or mad. Swift is therefore the maestro of unostentatious sarcasm, and his name has become practically synonymous with the type of sarcasm in which the most hideous statements are offered in a straight-faced mode. He has frequently been accused of a morbid preoccupation with physical decay. It should be remembered, nevertheless, that this preoccupation belongs technically to his talkers, of whom Swift did non anticipate the reader to O.K. .

Spray Tanning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Spray Tanning - Essay Example When applied DHA reacts to the proteins and amino acids on the skin to produce a golden brown color. The bronzer is water-soluble and will wash off but does not affect the overall tan. It is designed to give an instant color. After the initial application a tan will take two to three hour to begin to darken. (Wittwer , 2008) After twenty-four hours it will reach the peak tan. Just as a natural tan it will fade with everyday washing. To maintain a great tan one should go and have a spray tan done every five to seven days as it will begin to wear off. The process to get a spray tan can take less than sixty seconds. Most of the saloons are offering this method of getting a tan, and often a perfect one. Spray tanning is the solution if someone is uncomfortable in applying tanners themselves and wants a UV free tan. Spray tanning helps eliminate streaking and rough discolorations, on suitably prepared skin, and is fast and simple. Generally within 10 seconds it is done. Most of the people use spray tan in the nude as the saloons are completely private, others may wear bathing suits or undies, but that's up to the person. Bronzers used can stain ones clothing, so the person should wear something dark, skimpy and made of a material like cotton. (Tillson, 2008)A consultant can guide how to protect nasal passages and mouth from breathing in the mist. Saloons also provide a shower cap for hair and eyes safety. Color appears instantly, though some of these fade and wash off since the actual shade usually appears wholly within 24 hours, with most of the self tanning products. (Ruderman, 2007) The number of sittings/ sessions will be up to the desired darkness. People's favorite celebrities like, Ashley Olsen, Christina Aguilera and Jessica Simpson also encourage use of spray tanning by using these themselves. And not so favorites like Brooke Hogan and Paris Hilton are on there too. (Strauss, 2008) Safety Recommendations for Spray Tanning Following are the safety recommendations for spray tanning booths: Eye Protection: Use of disposable eye protective covers generally known as Winkies. Lip Protection: Use of any kind of coating of a Lip Balm like Vaseline. Inhalation protection: Use of a nose filter that can be worn in order to protect mucous membrane of the nasal passages and also to provide inhalation protection.( John, 2006) Some Facts about Spray Tanning As a topical product researchers agree that DHA is approved to be used in sunless tanning saloons as mist, but has not been. DHA was not approved to be sprayed earlier on because of few of the chemicals present in the DHA solution are dangerously poisonous. With the latest craze, doctors warn that whilst the industry might call DHA a simple sugar solution, but its not. It is not an edible sugar, and no one should eat it. The government's regulations for DHA list several tolerable ingredients in the solution. It has arsenic, mercury and lead. Mercury and arsenic are truly allowed because of being initially permitted by the ministry for topical application, and these were never meant to come in contact with lungs, lips or any other sensitive body membranes area that would let it get into the blood stream. (Bennett, 2008) According to a survey, not all of the spray tanning boo

Corporate Social Responsibility as a Strategy Tool to Increase Research Paper

Corporate Social Responsibility as a Strategy Tool to Increase Shareholder Value - Research Paper Example The CSR is defined as actions that corporations engage in to further some social good, and which are beyond the firms’ interest and are legally required. It is also viewed as achieving commercial success through means that honor ethical values and people, communities, as well as the natural environment. In broader terms, the CSR denotes a comprehensive set of policies, programs, and practices that are integrated into the business strategies and decision-making processes and include issues related to governance, human rights, environmental concerns, community investment, business ethics, the marketplace, and the workplace.  This concept receives different views from its supporters and detractors. Broadly, those against it, use the classical economic arguments as put by Milton Friedman; that the management should serve to maximize the shareholder's profits. This is different from the CSR practices that serve many stakeholders. The second objection is that business managers are not meant to handle social activities as they lack social skills and should handle financial and operational matters. The third objection is that the engagement in social activities dilutes the business’s primary purpose. On the other hand, the proponents of CSR argue that CSR practices are useful for a business that would want to function in the future since it makes it create a healthy climate. The next support for CSR is that government regulation is reduced, and the companies have the necessary and adequate resources to fulfill society’s expectations of it. Another argument for CSR is that being proactive is better than being reactive because being proactive helps an organization to plan and is less costly than reacting to social problems after they have occurred.

The dramatic significance Essay Example for Free

The dramatic significance Essay A view from the Bridge was written and set in the mid 1950s. Arthur Miller (the author) in his biography Time Bends explains the idea of the play came from a story he had heard about a longshoreman, but until he visited Sicily a few years later, and saw for himself the poverty of the people he did not use this idea. The play was set in Red Hook, Alfieri in his opening speech described Red Hook a slum and he mentions Al Capone, the greatest Carthaginian of all and tells us (the audience) that Frankie Yale was cut precisely in half by a machine gun on the corner of Union street This is also showing us the type of violence and culture in this place. Work here has very little pay and the people, often newly arrived immigrants looking for better opportunities, are exploited by the bosses. Arthur Miller was very concerned to let his audiences know about the tough lives of these people. Alfieri, in his first speech aimed directly at the audience mentions And now we are quite civilized, quite American. Now we settle for half, and I like it better. I no longer keep a pistol in my filing cabinet. He says this because in the twenties before this Red Hook was The slum that faces the bay on the seaward side of Brooklyn Bridge. It was The gullet of New York swallowing the tonnage of the world because people used to take matters into their own hands and forgot the law but now they dont now we are quite civilized. The word Gullet sounds ugly and emphasises the nature of this area. The scene we are studying is significant because we are able to see the antagonism of Eddie towards Rodolfo intensify, and become dramatised in the form of a boxing Lesson. The scene also shows how close Catherine and Rodolfo become after Eddie trying to separate them. We also see the way Beatrice is mostly in the middle of the characters. She is very aware how tense Eddie is becoming due to the growing relationship between Catherine and Rodolfo. However she is very pleased with them both. We also see Marco agreeing with Eddies authority but warning him not to bully his brother by having a show of physical strength, this show of strength prefigures what happens at the end of the play. Before Alfieris speech to the audience Eddie came and spoke to Alfieri about Catherine and Rodolfo. His first excuse he is trying to convince Alfieri that Rodolfo only wants his papers and his second excuse is that he is a homosexual. Eddies real reason is that his love for Catherine is out of control. Eddie is trying to do this because he thinks Catherine deserves better that Rodolfo and also says for an excuse that Rodolfo is only after Catherine for his papers to be an American citizen. Alfieri tells Eddie that the only way to get Rodolfo into trouble with the law is to tell the authorities about the illegal immigrants.

Inequality in the Legal System of the United States Essay -- essays re

In the United States, true equality has never existed. From the Declaration of Independence to modern times, the U.S. legal system has failed in any attempt at equality. The ideology of "all [men] are equal but some [men] are more equal than others" has been present throughout the history of the U.S. (Orwell). Inequality has always existed in the United States legal system and continues to exist today; however, the inequality presently in the system is not as blatant as what it once was, but the system has come to depend on inequality. Since the very beginning of a legal system in the United States, there has been inequality. The Declaration of Independence declared that "†¦all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights†¦"(Jefferson). The reality of the Declaration of Independence was that all free, white, landowning men are created equal. Slavery continued in the U.S. for nearly ninety years after the Declaration, and black Americans still feel the sting of inequality. Women were also left out of "†¦all men are created equal†¦." The implied meaning of the opening lines of the Declaration of Independence is what the U.S. legal system has strived for and failed to grasp fully. After the establishment of independence in the United States, the development of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights ensued. The Bill of Rights was to establish the basic rights of every citizen of the United States, but failed to do so. The rights of white, male citizens were the only rights that were ensured by the Bill of Rights. The rights of blacks and the underprivileged were not even considered. The Fifth Amendment states, "No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury†¦, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation" ("Constitution", Amendment V). These rights were often denied to those that were second class citizens or those people that were not even considered to be people, such as slaves. The rights ensured by the first ten amendments have been denied to some part of the population at any given time in American history. The denying of the basic rights established by the Bill of Rights is not limited to the any one amendment.... ...aration of Independence". Encyclopedia Britannica 1997-98. CD-ROM. Britannica. 1998. "Jim Crow Laws". Encyclopedia Britannica 1997-98. CD-ROM. Britannica. 1998. Kairys, David. "Unexplained on Grounds Other Than Race". American University Law Review. Volume 45, Book 3. 12 Dec. 1999. href="http://www.wcl.american.edu/pub/journals/lawrev/KAIRYS.HTM">http://www.wcl.american.edu/pub/journals/lawrev/KAIRYS.HTM Orwell, George. Animal Farm in The Columbia Dictionary of Quotations. CD-ROM. Microsoft. 1997. "Racial segregation" Encyclopedia Britannica 1997-98. CD-ROM. Britannica. 1998.United States Supreme Court. "Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896)." Selected Historic Decisions of the US Supreme Court. Legal Information Institute, 1999. 12 Dec. 1999. href="http://supct.law.cornell.edu/supct/cases/historic.htm">http://supct.law.cornell.edu/supct/cases/historic.htm United States Supreme Court. "Brown v. Board of Education, 349 U.S. 294 (1955)." Selected Historic Decisions of the US Supreme Court. Legal Information Institute, 1999. 12 Dec. 1999. href="http://supct.law.cornell.edu/supct/cases/historic.htm">http://supct.law.cornell.edu/supct/cases/historic.htm

A Dilema Enterprise

Delima Enterprise was founded in 1981 by En Zayed. The main business are trading and supplying related products including manpower supplies to the oil and gas industries. The enterprise was incorporated in 2004 as Delima Enterprise Sdn Bhd, with En. Zayed and his wife Puan Hashimah, as the controlling directors and two principal shareholders. The company activities had expanded into provision of engineering services as part of their business diversification and expansions plan.In May 2006, the company had secured a contract worth RM750,000 to be implemented over 6 months. Due to shortage of fund, company need to apply loan from Malayan Banking Berhad and CIMB Berhad totalling RM 1 million. In order to get the loan, they had to provide audited financial statements for the last two years. In July 2006, Encik Zayed engaged the external Auditor Aziz & Co. to perform the statutory audit for period 2003 to 2006. However, due to lack of knowledge about corporate administration, there are is sues arose that need to be settle by them.Furthering the discussion, there are some highlighted problems and issues that arise such as Encik Zayed and Puan Hashimah who are the Directors of the organization were not familiar with Accounting Standards and the provisions of the Companies Act 1965 and their roles and duties as company directors. Besides than that, all the employees did not have the necessary job experiences and good background of studies and most of them are among the family members of the directors.In addition to that, all the records are not organized and filed accordingly. For example like the sales invoices and purchase order are manually prepared and not pre-numbered. There were long outstanding collections from trade debtors as the Monthly Statements of Accounts was not sent to customers on monthly basis. In fact, the standard operating procedure was not in place. Several assets purchased by the company were not recorded and overpayments made to Trade Creditors a nd some personal withdrawals and expenses were charged to the company.Whereas the unrecorded cash withdrawals and cash and Banks balances were not well reconciled. Based on those problems the role and responsibility of Encik Zayed and Puan Hashimah as the Directors of Delima Enterprise Sdn Bhd should play a significant role in determining the future of the organization, establish the vision, mission and policies of the organization, set the strategy and structure and well delegate the authority to management. They should have the duty to act bona fide in the interests of the company. This duty is the most basic of all duties.What is meant by bona fide and in the best interests of the company is that both directors must at all times ensure that their actions are consistent with the well being of the company’s and they should not place themselves in a position where there is a conflict between their duty to the company and their personal interest or duties of shares. In additio n to that, directors should not make any profit out of the position as the director. Yes, in this case there are abuses of power by management and breach of fiduciary on part of the directors as there is a conflict between Encik Zayed’s duty to the company and his personal interest.For example, personal vehicle expenses for Encik Zayed and Puan Hashimah totaling RM50,150 charged to the company during 2005. They should at least prepare documents for anything they used for their personal so that later they can pay back to the company. Besides, he tried to negotiate with the Auditor to not qualify the Financial Statement, failing which Encik Zayed planned to terminate the auditor’s appointment and appoint new â€Å"friendly-party† auditor to negotiate.They also hired their own family members Puan Balqis and Encik Salam as Operations Manager and Human Resources and Administration Manager respectively. Encik Zayed was not willing to commit and invest on necessary tra ining to enhance the knowledge of the employees. Directors are responsible to provide corporate social responsibility and oversee management in order to implement an effective ethics corporate programs to safeguard interest of different stakeholders. Provide annual compliance and ethics training to all employees which are just one element of comprehensive compliance and ethics program.Not only Encik Zayed and Puan Hashimah as the directors, but all the top management, employees, and the Company Secretary of the company should be responsible and accountable as well. Although Encik Zayed and Puan Hashimah are the directors of the company, the officers should also support and give opinion in every decisions taken by directors. Employees below the officer level will have job titles and descriptions designed to meet the corporate goals as set by the directors. Company Secretary at all times should to assist the company towards proper objectives.In small businesses such as Delima Enterpri se, other duties commonly undertaken by company secretaries may include entering into contractual agreements with suppliers and customers and managing office space and property and dealing with personnel administration In regards of the improper documentation and transaction records includes the sales invoice and purchase order, the MYOB programmed was not integrated and several pages of the Account Receivables listing is missing may impact of time consuming and fraud may happened.Therefore, they should use updated to latest accounting software which is MYOB to improve the accounting system, the monthly statement of accounts send on time to remind the outstanding balances, they should prepare a proper filing documentation based on book keeping process for easy references and ensure all the transactions are pre numbered accordingly. Besides than that, the employees prepare their own attendance without any supervision also may lead to fraud and work inefficiency. They should assign su pervisors to manage the timesheets for time in and time out of the employees and get an approval from the directors.The salary and wages are paid in monthly basis including EPF and SOCSO based on the approved timesheet. There is no Standard Operating Procedure as all the decisions are authorized by En Zayed and Puan Hashimah, there is no reconciliation performed for each accounts and withdrawals are made from the company without proper documentation. Each department should implement the SOP and ensure they are compliance to the SOP in every decision making and documentation that have been made or prepared.There is problem from Human Resource manager where En Salam hire unqualified and inexperience employees to conduct the professional task and caused the employees not able to perform their work well due to lack of knowledge and give a bad reputation of the company indirectly. For a better performance, HR manager should hire more qualified employees and implement SOP during the emplo yees’ recruitment. For those who are not well recognized the SOP, employer should provide the training either for a new or existing employees.Below are the proposed organizational charts for the Delima Enterprise Sdn Bhd. So as a conclusion, there are some improvement that need to be done for a better leadership and management in future such as constructively and restructure the organizational and draft the applicable Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the company to operate effectively and efficiently. They should focus to the quatitative and quanlitative characteristic that should be implement and practices by the employees in the whole organization.Assessment and decision making organizational should be restructure enables employees to participate and contribute fresh ideas and support or argue some issues that they feels unease and may lead to a bad performance of the organization. Each level of management should understand their job description so that more quality j ob is performed and avoid the task redundancy among the employees. In addition to that, they should prevent any breach of fiduciary responsibilities sufficient control mechanisms in order for the organization are compliance to law or any rules and regulations. A Dilema Enterprise Delima Enterprise was founded in 1981 by En Zayed. The main business are trading and supplying related products including manpower supplies to the oil and gas industries. The enterprise was incorporated in 2004 as Delima Enterprise Sdn Bhd, with En. Zayed and his wife Puan Hashimah, as the controlling directors and two principal shareholders. The company activities had expanded into provision of engineering services as part of their business diversification and expansions plan.In May 2006, the company had secured a contract worth RM750,000 to be implemented over 6 months. Due to shortage of fund, company need to apply loan from Malayan Banking Berhad and CIMB Berhad totalling RM 1 million. In order to get the loan, they had to provide audited financial statements for the last two years. In July 2006, Encik Zayed engaged the external Auditor Aziz & Co. to perform the statutory audit for period 2003 to 2006. However, due to lack of knowledge about corporate administration, there are is sues arose that need to be settle by them.Furthering the discussion, there are some highlighted problems and issues that arise such as Encik Zayed and Puan Hashimah who are the Directors of the organization were not familiar with Accounting Standards and the provisions of the Companies Act 1965 and their roles and duties as company directors. Besides than that, all the employees did not have the necessary job experiences and good background of studies and most of them are among the family members of the directors.In addition to that, all the records are not organized and filed accordingly. For example like the sales invoices and purchase order are manually prepared and not pre-numbered. There were long outstanding collections from trade debtors as the Monthly Statements of Accounts was not sent to customers on monthly basis. In fact, the standard operating procedure was not in place. Several assets purchased by the company were not recorded and overpayments made to Trade Creditors a nd some personal withdrawals and expenses were charged to the company.Whereas the unrecorded cash withdrawals and cash and Banks balances were not well reconciled. Based on those problems the role and responsibility of Encik Zayed and Puan Hashimah as the Directors of Delima Enterprise Sdn Bhd should play a significant role in determining the future of the organization, establish the vision, mission and policies of the organization, set the strategy and structure and well delegate the authority to management. They should have the duty to act bona fide in the interests of the company. This duty is the most basic of all duties.What is meant by bona fide and in the best interests of the company is that both directors must at all times ensure that their actions are consistent with the well being of the company’s and they should not place themselves in a position where there is a conflict between their duty to the company and their personal interest or duties of shares. In additio n to that, directors should not make any profit out of the position as the director. Yes, in this case there are abuses of power by management and breach of fiduciary on part of the directors as there is a conflict between Encik Zayed’s duty to the company and his personal interest.For example, personal vehicle expenses for Encik Zayed and Puan Hashimah totaling RM50,150 charged to the company during 2005. They should at least prepare documents for anything they used for their personal so that later they can pay back to the company. Besides, he tried to negotiate with the Auditor to not qualify the Financial Statement, failing which Encik Zayed planned to terminate the auditor’s appointment and appoint new â€Å"friendly-party† auditor to negotiate.They also hired their own family members Puan Balqis and Encik Salam as Operations Manager and Human Resources and Administration Manager respectively. Encik Zayed was not willing to commit and invest on necessary tra ining to enhance the knowledge of the employees. Directors are responsible to provide corporate social responsibility and oversee management in order to implement an effective ethics corporate programs to safeguard interest of different stakeholders. Provide annual compliance and ethics training to all employees which are just one element of comprehensive compliance and ethics program.Not only Encik Zayed and Puan Hashimah as the directors, but all the top management, employees, and the Company Secretary of the company should be responsible and accountable as well. Although Encik Zayed and Puan Hashimah are the directors of the company, the officers should also support and give opinion in every decisions taken by directors. Employees below the officer level will have job titles and descriptions designed to meet the corporate goals as set by the directors. Company Secretary at all times should to assist the company towards proper objectives.In small businesses such as Delima Enterpri se, other duties commonly undertaken by company secretaries may include entering into contractual agreements with suppliers and customers and managing office space and property and dealing with personnel administration In regards of the improper documentation and transaction records includes the sales invoice and purchase order, the MYOB programmed was not integrated and several pages of the Account Receivables listing is missing may impact of time consuming and fraud may happened.Therefore, they should use updated to latest accounting software which is MYOB to improve the accounting system, the monthly statement of accounts send on time to remind the outstanding balances, they should prepare a proper filing documentation based on book keeping process for easy references and ensure all the transactions are pre numbered accordingly. Besides than that, the employees prepare their own attendance without any supervision also may lead to fraud and work inefficiency. They should assign su pervisors to manage the timesheets for time in and time out of the employees and get an approval from the directors.The salary and wages are paid in monthly basis including EPF and SOCSO based on the approved timesheet. There is no Standard Operating Procedure as all the decisions are authorized by En Zayed and Puan Hashimah, there is no reconciliation performed for each accounts and withdrawals are made from the company without proper documentation. Each department should implement the SOP and ensure they are compliance to the SOP in every decision making and documentation that have been made or prepared.There is problem from Human Resource manager where En Salam hire unqualified and inexperience employees to conduct the professional task and caused the employees not able to perform their work well due to lack of knowledge and give a bad reputation of the company indirectly. For a better performance, HR manager should hire more qualified employees and implement SOP during the emplo yees’ recruitment. For those who are not well recognized the SOP, employer should provide the training either for a new or existing employees.Below are the proposed organizational charts for the Delima Enterprise Sdn Bhd. So as a conclusion, there are some improvement that need to be done for a better leadership and management in future such as constructively and restructure the organizational and draft the applicable Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the company to operate effectively and efficiently. They should focus to the quatitative and quanlitative characteristic that should be implement and practices by the employees in the whole organization.Assessment and decision making organizational should be restructure enables employees to participate and contribute fresh ideas and support or argue some issues that they feels unease and may lead to a bad performance of the organization. Each level of management should understand their job description so that more quality j ob is performed and avoid the task redundancy among the employees. In addition to that, they should prevent any breach of fiduciary responsibilities sufficient control mechanisms in order for the organization are compliance to law or any rules and regulations.

Ferdinand de Saussure and Onject of Study: a Brief Illustration Essay

Ferdinand de Saussure was a Swiss linguist who laid the foundation on the ideas of structure in the study of language. His Book Course in General Linguistics that was published in 1916 has detailed all that he claimed to be his views. In his book Saussure shows us a clear reaction against many of the ideas raised and he emphasizes the importance of seeing language as a living phenomenon as against the historical view, of studying speech, of analysing the underlying system of a language in order to demonstrate an integral structure, and of placing language firmly in the social milieu. Saussure’s theoretical ideas are a must read and his influence has been unparalleled in European Linguistics since and, it had a major formative role to play in the shaping of linguistic thoughts in Europe. Saussure’s Object of Study theorised his structuralist view of language and shows how his essay forms the basis of structuralist theory. Saussure equipped his essay with a theory and a method of linguistic analysis from the structuralist point of view. Saussure envisaged langage to be composed of two aspects- the language system and the act of speaking. Langage is that faculty of human speech that is present in all human being due to heredity, and it requires the correct environmental stimuli for proper development. It is our facility to talk to each other which Saussure has infused in his work. Saussure also argues strongly that the characteristics of the system of language are really present in the brain, and are not simply abstractions. It is something which the individual speaker can make use of but cannot affect by itself. It is a corporate and social phenomenon. Saussure in the very beginning of the essay claims that the linguistic study cannot be judged from the study of other sciences. Linguistic study is completely a different process. In linguistic a particular object of study may have several series of different things- the sound, the idea, the derivation- to light up after study. Hence Saussure says that the object of study cannot be at the first to the view point. It is the viewpoint that creates the object of study. The linguistic phenomena can be always found in bi-complimentary facets which are dependent on one another. That is, the perception of the ear of the articulated syllables as the auditory impressions cannot be the sounds in questions that come to be existed with the vocal organs. Speech sound is no equal to language and they do not exist independently and are mere instruments of thoughts whereas, language is completely an individual aspect. Saussure emphasis on these two distinctions comes at this point of his analysis. The language system as Saussure admits should be studied independently. He cites the example of Dead language that even though it is no longer to be spoken, however, we can acquaint to its linguistic structures. The language is incongruous and its systems are of similar nature. The language is a structured system and it differs from speech. Saussure has cited a example of a man who has lost his power of speech can also grasp the language system through vocal signs by which he can understand. Saussure in his essay discusses the linguistic structures as only to be a part of language even though it is an integral part of it. The structure of a language is both the social product and the body of necessary conventions adopted by society to enable members of society to use their language faculty. It comprises in various domains and it is purely physical, psychological and physiological. It is for the individual and for the society. The language faculty of the both rest upon the structure of the language and there cannot be a proper classification for that as such language has no proper distinctions. The linguistic structures are that faculty in the study of language by which the articulating words, natural or not, are put in use only by means of linguistic instruments that are created and provided by society. The language itself is a structured system and a self contained whole and principle of classification. Saussure in his essay mentions the role of speech circuits of how speeches are exchanged from one individual to another. He gave a proper illustration of it with a proper diagram. This he calls purely a physical process. In order to understand this tract one must leave the individual act, which is merely language in its young stage, and he proceeds to consider it a social phenomenon. If done so all individuals will linguistically link among themselves and all individuals will reproduce whether it may or may not be that exact but will be almost the same signs related to the same concept. Saussure says that the language cannot be the function of the speaker but it is a passively registered product of the individual whereas, speech is the act of the will and of intelligence of the individual. In his essay, Saussure also speaks about the evolution of language from times. There are some words which are rarely spoken in our daily contemporary word and usage of such words in our day to day life is kind of absurdity. So Saussure argues that language and linguistics goes on evolution from time to time. It is an institution of the present and of the past at any given time. Saussure also notes on the sciences that claims to language as falling under their domain. But Saussure says that their methods are different and are not as it were needed. He says that the linguists should only take up his primary concern in studying language and to manifest all other concerns with it. Saussure also speaks about the question of the vocal apparatus and he says it a secondary one in comparison to language. Linguists disagree to the notion about the vocal apparatus and it is not clear that the vocal apparatus is solely made for our speaking as that our legs are made for walking. Saussure cites the example of Whitney who regards this vocal apparatus is that we uses for our linguistic purposes. The contribution of Saussure in the concept of language system is the main theoretical contribution and many linguists feel that it was this facet of his thought which had the most profound influence on subsequent scholarship. His view of a language as a system of mutually defining entities is a conception which underlay his works to philology. It is fundamental to his account to his structure in language. Any sentence, for Saussure, is a sequence of signs, and each signs contributes something to the meaning of the whole, and each contrasting with all other signs in the language. The sign, for Saussure is the basic element of a language. A sequence of a syntagmatic relationship- which is a linear relationship between the signs are present in the sentence. The sign is the basic unit of communication and it is a mental construct. Saussure accepted that there must be two sides of meaning that posits a natural relationship between words and things. His labels for the two sides were signifier and signified, one which the thing which signifies and the other the thing that is signified. It can also be taken as the concept and the acoustic image. The signified is thus always omething of an interpretation that is added to the signifier. He calls this relationship a linguistic sign. This linguistic signs are not abstractions, although they are essentially psychological. Linguistic signs are, so to speak, tangible and writing can fix them in conventional images, whereas it would be impossible to capture the acts of speech in all their details. When we say signified, this do not exist in sensible form, it is a thought and creation of mental image that the signifier has signified. Saussure’s main concern is linguistic sign does not link a name and a thing; instead it links a concept and an acoustic image. That is, language is more than just a list of terms that correspond to things. An acoustic image is the mental image of a name that allows a language-user to say the name. However, a linguistic sign links signifier and signified. A signifier is the sound we say when we say an object, and the signified is the concept of that said object. The said object is the sign. In Saussure’s theory of linguistics, the signifier is the sound and the signified is the thought. The linguistic sign is neither conceptual nor phonic, neither thought nor sound. Rather, it is the whole of the link that unites sound and idea, signifier and signified. The properties of the sign are by nature abstract, and are not concrete. He says that the linguistic principles operate on two principles. The first principle is that the linguistic sign is arbitrary as there is no interior link between the concept and the acoustic image. The second is that the signifier being auditory in nature unfolds in time only. When the signifier and the signified are joined together they produce a sign which is of positive order, and concrete rather than abstract. The idea of structuralist theory has achieved the status largely on the account of Saussure Object of Study which made it the major linguistic theme of the later years after his death. The linguists were also much influenced by the notions of Saussure, although less directly. The essay forms the basis of a concept of language as a vast network of structures and systems was emphasised on the syntagmatic relationships of the Saussurean emphasis in structures which was taken as the keynote of a number of theories of language and which underlies many other linguistic approaches to language. The central tenet of structuralism is that the phenomena of human life, whether language or media, are not intelligible except through their network of relationships, making the sign and the system (or structure) in which the sign is embedded primary concepts. As such, a sign — for instance, a word — gets its meaning only in relation to or in contrast with other signs in a system of signs. Thus we can analyse that Saussure’s Object of Study has its basis of the structuralism theory.

Free Essays on Animal Experimentation

Animal Experimentation has been used in the past in attempt to solve modern day health problems. There is now evidence to support the results from animal testing is not representative of what transpires in the human body. The key to solving today’s health problems lies not in using animal testing, but focusing on human clinical studies and through preventative measures. Studies have shown human cells have been more reliable in the creation of vaccines than animal cells. In Peggy Carlson’s article, Why we don’t need animal experimentation, she says â€Å"it was also unfortunate that the original polio vaccine was produce using monkey cells instead of available human cells as can be done today†. According to this evidence there was an alternative to using animal testing. In addition the animal cells used to produce the vaccine was actually hazardous. â€Å"The use of monkey cells resulted in virus with a potential to cause serious disease being transferred to humans when the polio vaccine was administered†, said Carlson. It is dangerous and wasteful to conclude that what occurs in animals will have the same results in humans. It is wasteful because of the time spent on animal testing too much time and energy has been devoted to animal experiments that have held back medical progress. Peggy Carlson quotes Dr. Bross, the former Director of Biostatics at the Roswell Institute for Cancer Research, â€Å"While conflicting animal results have often delayed and hampered advances in the war on cancer, they have never produced a single substantial advance either in the prevention or treatment of cancer†. Much of today’s health problems, including heart disease, cancer, and AIDS, can be drastically reduced with the knowledge of preventative measures. Animal testing is uneconomical when we already know the main causes of these diseases. The elimination of smoking and maintaining a proper diet can drastically reduce the occurrence of these... Free Essays on Animal Experimentation Free Essays on Animal Experimentation Animal Experimentation / Rights â€Å"They don’t feel pain the same as you or I†. The issue of whether animals have sense perception (are sentient) is important for those who use animals in research. As long as they continue to think and feel as though the animals do not feel pain the same as you or I, they can go to bed at night with a clear conscience. â€Å"It may be cruel, but it can help us understand the human condition,† runs the argument for animal testing. â€Å"Absolute rubbish†, (Fano) Vivisection, (the act of cutting into or dissecting a living body) has been practiced since the beginning of scientific medicine. In the second half of the nineteenth century, experimentation on living animals became a quintessential part of physiology as an institutionalized profession (LaFollette). According to estimation by the American Medical Association, biomedical researchers use between 17-22 million animals each year (LaFollette). A sufficiently large enough number of animals are used in biomedical research to warrant a scientific and more evaluation of the practice (LaFollette). Even when disagreeing about the moral appropriateness, parties on both sides of the debate assert the scientific validity of animal research (LaFollette). Some of the opponents of animal experimentation argue that some or all types of animal research are not scientifically valid. Many of those objections are inadequately developed and scientifically uninformed (LaFollette). There are, however, legitimate scientific questions about the validity of animal experimentation which merit serious consideration by both sides. After careful assessment of scientific and methodological principles, the indication is that the claims concerning the enormous benefits of animal research are exaggerated (LaFollette). There is reason to question the appropriateness of extrapolating the results of animal experimentation to humans (LaFollette). There are no anima... Free Essays on Animal Experimentation Animal Experimentation has been used in the past in attempt to solve modern day health problems. There is now evidence to support the results from animal testing is not representative of what transpires in the human body. The key to solving today’s health problems lies not in using animal testing, but focusing on human clinical studies and through preventative measures. Studies have shown human cells have been more reliable in the creation of vaccines than animal cells. In Peggy Carlson’s article, Why we don’t need animal experimentation, she says â€Å"it was also unfortunate that the original polio vaccine was produce using monkey cells instead of available human cells as can be done today†. According to this evidence there was an alternative to using animal testing. In addition the animal cells used to produce the vaccine was actually hazardous. â€Å"The use of monkey cells resulted in virus with a potential to cause serious disease being transferred to humans when the polio vaccine was administered†, said Carlson. It is dangerous and wasteful to conclude that what occurs in animals will have the same results in humans. It is wasteful because of the time spent on animal testing too much time and energy has been devoted to animal experiments that have held back medical progress. Peggy Carlson quotes Dr. Bross, the former Director of Biostatics at the Roswell Institute for Cancer Research, â€Å"While conflicting animal results have often delayed and hampered advances in the war on cancer, they have never produced a single substantial advance either in the prevention or treatment of cancer†. Much of today’s health problems, including heart disease, cancer, and AIDS, can be drastically reduced with the knowledge of preventative measures. Animal testing is uneconomical when we already know the main causes of these diseases. The elimination of smoking and maintaining a proper diet can drastically reduce the occurrence of these...

HEALTH LAW AND ETHICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

HEALTH LAW AND ETHICS - Essay Example h traditional organization in the system leaves a question mark to many people since a lot has changed as far as labor systems, technology and introduction of new scientific inventions. Most Americans are well alert of the many hardship with the current national health care system compared to a decade ago. Lack of access to inexpensive health insurance and the rising of health care is of prodigious concern to many American citizens (Kronenfeld 70). Unlike before, any working families fear getting sick or injured since they cannot afford basic health care or health insurance (Kronenfeld 59). Many individuals get turned away from insurance firms because of pre - existing medical conditions or illnesses. Others lose their health insurance after they change their jobs or get laid off from work. The cost of health care and health insurance is rising at a rate faster than inflation and wages. According to a study by Kaiser Family Foundation, carried out from 2000 to 2006, wages increased 3.8%, the general inflation rate increased 3.5%, while health care premiums increased 86% (Kronenfeld 46). Most of the uninsured comprise of working Americans who cannot manage to afford the health insurance cost. It is evident that these health hardships faced today did not exist in the earlier

International comunications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International comunications - Essay Example Communication is also systematic. This means it occurs in within a set of interrelated parts and each of these parts affect one another (Wood 2011. p 3-4). In a family communication situation, for example, each member of the family constitutes part of the system. The physical environment and time also form parts of the system that affect their interaction. This is because people interact differently depending on the existing environment. Therefore, to analyze any communication situation, it is necessary to consider the system in which communication occurs (Wood 2011, p 3-4). The definition also emphasizes on symbols. Symbols include all language, non-verbal behaviors as well as music and art. A symbol is anything that signifies something else in an abstract manner. All human communication and interaction involve the use of symbols. Lastly, the definition of communication emphasizes on meanings. Meanings take a center stage in a communication process. Meanings are the significance people give to phenomena and are based on people’s interpretation of phenomena. Meanings are obtained from continued interaction with symbols but not from phenomena. This entirely depends on how people interpret words and non-verbal communication (Wood 2011, p 3-4). Culture, on the other hand, constitutes beliefs, objects, behaviors, and characteristics that can be regarded as common to all members of a given societal group. It is through culture that individuals and groups are able to conform to society’s shared values, define themselves and contribute positively in society. In general, culture includes many society aspects such as language, values, customs, norms, rules, tools, technology, products, institution and organization (Maude 2011, p. 3-10). Communication involves the use of language to communicate messages. Language can be said to influences culture. Conversely, culture can be said to influence language. Language influences people’s perception