Same-sex marriages

IntroductionSame sex marriages involves coming together of a two people of the same gender to form a family.   These marriages are not recognized in most countries in the world.   In the U.S, only the states of Iowa and Massachusetts allow gay marriages. The state Vermont recognizes civil unions, which are similar but lesser than marriages. Civil unions do not guarantee the couples full rights enjoyed in marriages. The Federal Government, under the Defense of Marriage Act of 1996, does not recognize same sex marriages but leaves individual states the room to deliberate on acceptable forms gay unions. (Strasser, Mark, 1994:14)Gay people have stepped up to campaigns for recognition of same sex marriages.   While gay people have been granted equal rights in many fields in life such as employment, they are denied the right to marriage. A complex argument has come up proponents of same sex marriages on one side and opponents on the other each presenting their points. (Vesterman, W, 1994:2)   The main controversy has been the definition of marriage.   Gay people want the right to marry, adopt and raise children.   Legalization of same-sex marriages would have an impact on all human perspectives.   Businesses would accord employees from gay marriages same treatment.   There would be social realignment and allocation of role in society. Religious bodies, more so Christians and Muslims lead the anti-gay marriages campaign.Thesis statementSame-sex marriages should not be legalized.Arguments for Same-sex marriages go against nature.   Marriage is meant to be a union of one man and one woman.   It is an abnormality to develop feelings to a person of the same gender. People are born male and female to compliment each other in marriage. It is only by choice and exposure to gay tendencies that they become gay.   Gay tendencies are not exhibited by any other form of life so as to suggest its is a natural phenomenon.   Animals, even the closest primates, do not display gay behavior.   To legalize a marriage founded on an unnatural behavior would distort the notion of marriage, as we know it.Same-sex unions are not fit to raise children in.   The parents’ relationship is not favourable to raising children in a proper way.   Children raised in these unions would be predisposed to gay behaviour.   They would not be given a chance to live normal lives.   Children grow up learning through copying parental actions, as they are not mature enough to make informed decision.   Legalizing such a marriage would be exposing adopted children to unnatural acts.(Patterson, Charlotte, 2001:346)Legalizing same-sex marriages would lead to other anti-social behaviors.   Just as gay individual would have succeeded in legalizing their cause, others would also come out and demand their rights.   It may lead to a rise in incest and bestiality.   These individuals would always fall back on to the case of the same-sex marriage to ar gue out their point.   Polygamists would also demand recognition by law.   It would to lead to absurdities such as an individual entering into to a union with an animal and demanding legal recognition.   He or she would use the same arguments pushed by pro-gay marriages activists today.The marriage institution has an all-important role of procreation.   This role is best performed in a marriage.   Same-sex marriages by design lack the capacity to procreate.   Without the ability to perform this role, the marriage would be incomplete.   Without procreation, humankind would not regenerate itself.   The fact that gay marriage proponents are mainly in nations with low birth rates is worrying.   Legalizing same-sex marriage would be putting perpetuity of man in jeopardy in the long run.Legalizing gay marriages would be tantamount to giving gay people favored status. Gays want their issues to be treated in the same way as those of the disabled and the chronically ill.   They however do not want to be treated the same way as pedophiles, masochists or even cannibals.   These are people who choose to be the way they are and therefore do not merit special status.   In their pleas for favored states, they use words laden with emotions to gain sympathy such as discrimination, homophobia and tolerance.Traditionally and morally, marriage is a man and woman affairs.   As a society we cannot neglect the traditions and morals that have always guided us and maintained order.   The society does not have to be immoral to advance.   Legalizing same-sex marriages will tear the fabric that holds society together.   It will create a sense of disorder and loss of direction for men.   This social order must be closely guarded.(www.cnn.com)Legalizing same-sex marriage would be great experimentation with such as sensitive matter. The same sex marriage euphoria is the West might have dangerous results since it has no been tried before.   Since same-sex relationships have gained prominence in the last twenty years, their long-term effects cannot be projected.   This euphoria has been fueled by political correctedness that makes people approve even the most absurd ideas.Arguments Against.Failure to legalize same-sex marriages will be denial of individuals their fundamental right. It would be tantamount to government intrusion into ones private life.   The government should not stop consenting adults from marriage whether gay or heterosexual.   Equality should be seen to prevail. Just as the government keeps off from straight marriages, it should also keep off the same sex marriages.(Scott, Bidstrup, 2004)Not legalizing same-sex marriages would be falling victim to stereotypes. Straight people see gay people as baseless and non-committal.   Straight people are homophobic not because, homosexuality is necessary bad, but because they are uncomfortable with it.   They are afraid of any changes in society regardless of their im pact.Continued incrimination of same-sex marriage is due to religious overstepping their mandates. The church oversteps its mandate by imposing its policies on the nation.   There is little difference between the church and the state.   Politicians join the church’s course to gain political support in form conservative churchgoers.Majority in society have always oppressed the minority.   What is now being seen in the same sex marriage issue was experienced in slavery period.   Religious bodies and groups who supported and even engaged in slavery and subsequent segregation have no moral grounds to criticize same-sex marriages.Proponents of same sex marriages argue that legalization would in fact strengthen the institution of marriage.   Divorce rate would go down because gay people would not be forced into unions with people of the opposite gender. Gay people may try to conform to societal norms and marry the opposite gender.   They end-up in unhappy unions that le ad to divorce.   Legalization would also reduce stress related problems such as suicide and depression due to denial of right to be legally married.Proponents of same-sex marriages also argued that gay marriages have capacity to bring up children in the normal way.   They point-out that what a child needs is not heterosexual parents but tender care and nurturing.   They argue that same-sex couples can provide that care just like straight parents.Pro-gay marriage groups insist that gay people are born rather than choosing to be gay.   They claim that they are born with gay tendencies inherent.   They point out that nobody would choose to be ridiculed and victimized through out their life.   If it were something they would control they would just opt for the easier option of heterosexuality.   Criminalizing same-sex marriages would be failure to recognize the predicament facing gay people.(Pinello, Daniel, R, 2006: 76)Conclusion.Same-sex marriages should not be legalized under any circumstance.   It is a social evil that should not permeate into society.   The government should look into the interests or the society and criminalize same-sex marriages.   It should not fall for emotional talk about discrimination and homophobia. The usage of ‘homophobia’ tires the portray those opposed to gay marriages as suffering from a mental condition. (Patterson, Charlotte, 2001 )The society should resist any attempts to portray same-sex marriage as normal and natural. It is not evident in other forms of life. The claim that gay people are born is also a fallacy. They are people who have reformed their gay tendencies showing that it is really a choice. Homosexuality cannot be determined by scientific inquiry of the DNA.   All forms of consented sex and unions are voluntary.The marriages institutions cannot be strengthen by undermining its main foundations.   Same-sex marriages disrupt the main principle of marriage.   Same-sex couples ar e not able to offer proper care for kids. Such a marriage is unstable and do not provide the right environment for raising children.We should not embrace change just for the sake of change.   Restructuring the age-old basic unit of society would be a historical mistake.   The US should set precedence in protecting this all-important institution.References:Pinello, Daniel R., America's Struggle for Same-Sex Marriage. Cambridge University Press, 2006: 76.Strasser, Mark, The Challenge of Same-Sex Marriage: Federalist Principles and Constitutional Protections. Praeger, 1999: 14Patterson, Charlotte J., â€Å"Same-Sex Marriage and the Interests of Children†¦,† Virginia Journal of Social Policy & Law, 9:346. 2001Vesterman W. Reading and Writing Short Arguments. London: Mayfield, 1994:   p2, 4.CNN News, Politics: Bush Calls For Ban on Same Sex Marriage, 05/02/2004. Retrieved on 10/10/07 from http://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/02/24/elec04.prez.bush.marriage/Scott Bidstrup . Gay Marriages: The Arguments and The Motives, 2004. Retrieved on 10/10/07 from http://www.bidstrup.com/marriage.htm

Assignment Internal Cash Control Essay

The weaknesses in the internal control over cash disbursements are, there should be only one person in charge of writing the checks for each task, and there should be numbered checks for both people so that the funds spend can be tracked easier, the cabinets were the checks are stored should be two locked cabinets, one for each person who writes the checks. Memo: I would recommend that to have a better control over money paid and items purchased, that you start having numbered checks in two separate accounts, one account for the treasurer and one account for the purchasing agent. This method will make it easier for moth parties to avoid mistakes, and it will also be easier to verify money spent and received. P4-1A The internal control principles implemented by the Guard Dog Company are, numbered checks so that the company has a number trail to monitor cash dispersment. Each check must have approval from Jane Bell, and Dennis Kurt before a check can be issued, this is an establishment of responsibility to ensure that not just anyone ion the company can write checks. Checks must be signed by either Tom Kimball, the treasurer, or Karen Thews, the assistant treasurer. Before signing a check, the signer is expected to compare the amounts of the check with the amounts on the invoice, this is also a form of establishment of responsibility and both of these procedures are a use of documentation procedures. After signing a check, the signer stamps the invoice â€Å"paid† and inserts within the stamp, the date, check number, and amount of the check. The â€Å"paid† invoice is then sent to the accounting department for recording. By doing this it is a way of verifying company cash dispersment and documentation control. Blank checks are stored in a safe in the treasurer’s office. The combination to the safe is known by only the treasurer and assistant treasurer. By locking the checks in a safe it establishes responsibility for the checks, and uses a Physical, mechanical, and electronic controls to narrow down any check problems to one source. Each month the bank statement is reconciled with the bank balance per books by the assistant chief accountant. By doing this it establishes document control, this way any discrepancies in the amount paid can be verified. Indicate the weaknesses in internal accounting control in the handling of collections. The weaknesses in the handling of collections are the way the money is deposited, the way the checks are made out and the way the money is verified and deposited. P4-2A List the improvements in internal control procedures that you plan to make at the next meeting of the audit team for (1) the ushers, (2) the head usher, (3) the financial secretary, and (4) the finance committee. The improvements the ushers need to make is that after each offering they should individually count their own collected baskets and log there amount in an offering log book, so that there is less room for error in the next step. By handing all the baskets to the head usher without counting the money themselves, the head usher can offer any amount on his final deposit. The improvements the head usher needs to make is to make sure that each usher counts their baskets, and that the head usher counts all the baskets and checks for discrepancies to make sure that no one is pocketing any money. The head usher should also check the amount given to him/her against what is written in the offering log. Have a book to log the amount of money that is put into the safe so that it is logged in a way that can be verified by the committee, a note is not a safe method because it can be thrown out, by logging in a book it is easier to find were the discrepancies came from. The improvements the financial secretary should make is that he/she should have a list of what needs to be paid and make a log of the amounts that need paid and to make sure the receipts are logged along with whatever bills or services that needed to be paid that week. The financial secretary should also verify the amount of money in the safe against the log that is kept by the ushers. The financial committee should show a more detailed list of what expenditures are needed each month so that the financial secretary knows what is needed for payment that month. They should also be involved in verifying the churches income. To improve internal control the church should have a log for money received during offerings, they should tell the congregation to make the checks payable to the church or to the account holder that the checks are deposited into, because anyone can cash a check made out to â€Å"cash†. The church should also verify that any money not deposited from the offering was spent properly and not used for personal things. Include how a company could use the five basic principles of cash management to increase accuracy for a business. A company can increase the collection of receivables by offering incentives for quick payment from their customers. A company can delay the payment of liabilities and bills to close to the due date of the liability or bill, so that if any expenditure is needed before the due date they will not have spent the money too early. A company can keep inventory low on the merchandise that does not sell quickly, so that the company has money for the merchandise that is popular and selling fast. A company that wish to expand should wait until they have excess money in a slow season so that they can expand their business and have new locations open in time for their busy season. A company should invest money that is sitting idle into low risk companies’, the most common form of liquid investments is interest-paying U. S. government securities.

Free High School Guides

Work 1 on 1 with a consultant from a top school on every aspect of your application, including your college essays. Get your college essay reviewed fast— as quickly as 1.5 hours — by our expert essay editing team. Improve your score and prepare for the SAT online with your own tutor and our proven curriculum. Build up your high school resume during 9th-11th grade by working with one of our mentors from a top school! Join thousands of students and parents getting exclusive high school, test prep, and college admissions information. These free resources will help guide you through various aspects of the college admissions process. Make sure to sign up for our email list to be notified of new free resources. Read our ultimate guide to freshman year to prepare for your first year of high school. Prepare for the SAT with this checklist to make sure you’re on track. Get ready to ace the ACT with this comprehensive checklist! We’ll send you valuable information to help you strengthen your profile and get ready for college admissions.

No topic just 4 questions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

No topic just 4 questions - Research Paper Example The democratic approach to peace involves considering the rights of the people. When the rights such the right to life, movement and speech are limited leads to suffering. Democracy gives equal chances to the warring communities to exercise their rights. Once the rights are observed, they will stop fighting. In peaceful settlement, it involves dialogue and agreement over issues causing the commotion between the warring ethnic groups. The method of conflict settlement can be the most appropriate because there is no usage of excessive force. The excessive force cause more harm The liberal will employ two methods to settle the conflict. They will use military and economic policies. In the military aspects they will force the two ethnic groups to stop and surrender their weapon. Failure to do so, they will be forced by the, military to surrender forcefully. The economic policies involve widening the dependency between the poor and the rich for the poor to continuously depend on the rich. They will threaten the warring nation with economic sanction in which they have to comply. Failure to compliance leads to total withdrawal of the support. In conclusion, the two aspects of conflict settlement: realist and liberal have the advantages over the other. The liberal is more forceful than the realist. It can be used in few cases as compared to the realism that is harmless and observe human

Discussion 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Discussion 3 - Assignment Example Carlyle seems to be a good actor by possessing some animal’s magnetism of the early days before the periods when drugs and mania took some tolls. Moreover, Hitler saw National Socialism to be minor compared to political movement but rather regarded it as a religious one since they mostly used the Blood Flag, Sacred oaths and religious rituals. The traditional religious holidays were later substituted by the Nazi holy days and now the calls for miracles of faith were seen as manifestations of Nazism’s quasi-religious characters. Kurt Ludecke who was a supporter of Hitler regarded National Socialism as a secular conversation of a new faith that will come by itself. Most of the Germans regarded Hitler as the messiah with respect to his vision. We get to realize that the Nazi leaders encouraged the messianic view of Hitler in almost all German schools. Through this, children were required to write composition comparing Jesus with Hitler. Song was made by the youth organization who were mainly boys known as Hitler Jungvolk. The song had a lot of praise to Hitler as the Lord, Savior and hero of Germans. Further, Hitler’s ability as the Speaker is seen as a major cause for his great success by arousing deep and passionate emotions to his listeners by his carefully prepared and set speeches. It could take him few minutes to express deepest desires and dreams to his listeners. It is revealed by one of his biographer that Hitler often practiced gesturing in front of a mirror in his Munich room on the Thierschstrasse that made him to constantly improve his techniques of public speaking. On the other side, Hitler is seen as an Ideologist whose main aim was to acquire power for him by many biographers. This is seen through h is clever manipulation of weaknesses of others for his own end. Moreover, this is also evident when he wrote Mein Kampf in the mid-1920s. Adolf Hitler’s Triumph of the will German about Propaganda and mass meetings

Shifts in the Economic System from Building Real Capital to Building Research Paper

Shifts in the Economic System from Building Real Capital to Building Credit - Research Paper Example This paper demonstrates how the values of the economic system have shifted from amassing real capital or wealth to building credit. Building credit is presently revered in all sectors and industries, areas including transportation, entrepreneurship and real estate. This is primarily because good credit good credit is essential, not only to getting loans and credit cards, but more and more firms and societies are making the case that individuals must possess good credit prior to extending products and services to their customers. The issue of the shifting values, in the economic system, towards building credit is an important topic of discussion since it not only demonstrates the evolution of economic rhetoric, but also helps anticipate future trends in economic system. The modern economic environment is such that credit is a greater determiner of wealth accumulation than real capital The accumulation of real capital, which encompasses both financial capital and wealth essentially, refers to the accrual of ownership claims on labor and other forms of capital. Real capital can be epitomized in financial terms, for instance, having financial securities characterized by the ownership of massive funds to get hold of wealth and capital. Therefore, accumulating capital encompasses amassing objects of value by concentrating wealth or capital, for instance, financial capital, natural capital, social capital and human capital. However, in the modern day, credit is what dictates the wellbeing of the financial world. This is the case, not only among first-time home buyers, but Fortune 500 companies that significantly affect national economies (Guseva, 2005). Lenders, whether local, national, regional or global make decisions concerning the credit worthiness of their borrowers on the basis of their credit histories or scores. At present, having a strong credit history is a major determining factor for one’s access to wealth, for instance, homes and cars since credit scores and histories influence access to loans, mortgages and other forms of financial investments. The shift in economic value from building real capital to building credit has been influenced by the microeconomic environment in which organizations and individuals are increasingly shunning physical money in favor of credit. Today, one does not require physical money to make purchases since credit cards allow for exchange of goods and services by swiping credit cards. This occurrence in the microeconomic environment has, in tur n, resulted in the shifts in economic values and ideologies in the macroeconomic environment. The real meaning of building credit is to meet the requirements lenders establish. The macroeconomic theory presently integrates credit and banking by appreciating the role of both banking and credit in shaping the overall economy (Heijdra & Ploeg, 2002). The present economic system appreciates the macro mechanisms that link the real economy to variables inherent in the environment, for instance, climatic changes and

Zoloact Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Zoloact - Essay Example The website will also comprise of images, graphics, triangulation bars, and animations of Zoloact. Additionally, the website will include a shopping cart, which will allow potential customers to order the drugs when they access our websites. Furthermore, the website will include the prescriptions necessary for the drug and the diseases that are cured by the drug. Still, Zoloact website will include a review section whereby patients who have used the drug will give a response on drug use experience. Besides, an inquiry section will be developed where patients can ask questions related to the drug. Market Research Zoloact, as a bisphosphonate drug faces various threats and competition from its competing drugs. Alendronate (Web) notes that the current market valuation of bisphosphonate drug is $ 4.6 billion. However, the market demand of the drug is expected to decrease by 5-7 % each year (Alendronate Web). This is because of the increased awareness of the need to keep healthy by eating calcium containing food components for the elderly. Zoloact, as a bisphosphonate alternative drug, will aim at providing the best medical care to such patients by ensuring that the drug prevents loss of bone mass to the elderly.

Analysis of Recent Microeconomics Events in the United States Term Paper

Analysis of Recent Microeconomics Events in the United States - Term Paper Example This paper outlines the magnitude of the influence of microeconomic trends on the overall state of American economy. Issues under consideration of micro economists vary from what factors impact the savings of consumers to how much firms should produce under the given circumstances.It is known that microeconomic decisions taken by individuals and organizations are influenced by considerations of cost and benefit. Costs relate to financial cost pertaining to cost of finance, such as total variable cost, opportunity cost and fixed cost. Interest rates have always been an indicator of a country’s economic status. Increase in the interest rates indicates a number of things such as the economy’s ability to absorb high interest rates, meaning that increased interest rates imply that the central bank assumes that different entities in the country will continue borrowing at higher interest rates, meaning that productivity will increase and the economy will grow. Increasing interest rates also tend to reduce inflation. Interest rates in the US have continued to remain around zero, which indicates that the economy is facing difficulties in enhancing production. It is believed that increasing interest rates at this time will create economic complexities for the country. Consumer confidence in America is presently very low, which is evident from the large numbers of homes that continue to remain on sale. The country needs to focus more strongly on issues such as consumer prices, housing market, debt load and interest rates. The country’s debt load continues to be massive and is growing steadily, which has depressed the economic environment and minimized growth. Whatever growth that happens is offset by the increasing debt, while low interest rates prevent the economy from affecting a recovery in the short run. Low interest does increase borrowings for businesses and individuals but the default rate in the US is very high; almost twenty percent. Consumers are reluctant to buy new homes and prefer to wait and watch as they are not currently prepared to take more loans during times of uncertainty, primarily because assets have the tendency to decline in value in the short term. In servicing its own debt, the US relies heavily upon foreign money by offering its assets such as government bonds to other nations. However, America’s credibility in this regard is gradually declining in view of its increasing debt. Countries such as China have begun to question the ability of the US to repay its deb ts. The US appears to be losing its status of a world super power because many countries have started looking elsewhere for investing. The employment situation in the US continues to deteriorate and the numbers of good jobs are consistently decreasing. The numbers of American citizens living in poverty are also increasing. Over the last few years, millions of job opportunities, thousands of businesses, and billions of dollars of the country’

Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Information Systems - Essay Example The payroll information system will have information on the name, monthly salaries and hourly rates of employees. Hourly rates will also be required to facilitate the payment of overtime wages. Additional information such as location, department, employee identification number, and the date of employment would also be added to the system. This system would be updated with information received from the human resources department relating to recruitment of staff at Recruit 4 U three locations as well as separation of staff due to retirement, resignation, redundancies and involuntary termination. The payroll system would be set up to calculate taxes for each employee and would be paid over to the government on their behalf. At the end of each pay period the necessary information would be collected from various locations and this along with the information from head office will be used to run the payroll. Pay slips will be generated for each employee, indicating their gross pay, deductio ns – statutory and otherwise, and their net pay at the end of each pay period. Cheques consisting of the net pay would either be drawn for each employee or sent to their respective bank accounts if feasible. Additionally, a cheque would be drawn for the government in relation to total tax deducted from the employees pay for the period. The relevant entry from this module of the accounting information system would be used to make an entry into the financial accounts of Recruit 4 U.

Consumer Behaviour in the Consumer Electronics Market Essay

Consumer Behaviour in the Consumer Electronics Market - Essay Example The company has recently released the Walkman MP3 player Z series. This particular product is able to combine several elements of the past MP3 players into a new alternative for music while providing the next step to listening to music that many can enjoy within the market. The concept of ILaz is one which developed from the main philosophy of providing new and innovative products based on entertainment needs. It was recently established, specifically with the basis of using the new ideologies of engineers to enhance the products and to create unique electronic features which could be introduced on a global basis. The founding ideology is to create innovative products and technical features that enhance entertainment. The mission is to offer high end and newer electronics to the community which will establish entertainment and offer a different use with better alternatives for leisure activities. The vision is to offer several types of electronic products with a strong reputation for quality and enjoyment. The MP3 player which is provided uses some of the technologies which have been produced by other engineers, such as Sony, and enhances these with newer features that provide more alternatives for listening. The meaning of entertainment devices is inclusive of music, video, photography and other digital products that are specific to the entertainment realm. By having this approach, there is the ability to specialize in high – end products that need different resolutions and alternatives for better listening. The product which is offered by Ilaz is the Z-Series Walkman MP3 player. This is an upgrade to the MP3 players offered by other companies, specifically because of the approach to upgrade technology for better use. The main approach is to offer music in the digital, handheld device that has a clear and distinct sound and which has higher resolution with videos for those that are looking at entertainment through the player. The technology used for bet ter sounds and resolution of video includes digital sound enhancement, noise cancelling, clear stereo and clear bass technologies. The ideology is combined with creating an experience with sound, video and other applications. The system has also incorporated content transfer software, which offers music, video and photo that can all be added into the product. There is the ability to have more transfers, automatic options for downloading as well as updates and the support of digital rights management. There is also a management system incorporated, which consists of sorting files, plugging and transferring files and moving from one platform to another, such as from the PC to iTunes. The product has also incorporated options of moving from different players for better playing. The MP3 system incorporates Bluetooth technology and some of the latest looks and feels of the new device. The product is based on the latest ILaz Z – Series walkman; however, it has enhanced features to offer even more compatibility for both music and video (Sony, 2011). The concepts which have been added to the MP3 player, as well as the popularity of the product can be looked into in terms of the UK market. In general, the UK market has increased in the number that is looking at the different digital players, as seen in graph 1. Graph 1: Increase in UK Electronics Market (National Statistics, 2007). This is combined with the alterations with MP3 players which include 26% of individuals age 15 and over owning the player. It is also

Analysis of Conspiracy Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Conspiracy Essay Within two hours the senior officials seem to casually discuss the most practical way of eliminating the Jewish race and conclude with the final policy solution. The film is based on the Wannsee protocol or the minutes the document which is authored by Adolf Eichmann and the document was found 1947 by Robert Kemper. The film is dramatized for entertainment purposes, meaning that it is not fully accurate because the creators tended to take certain liberties in making the film. Although at the end it is stated that the film ‘is based on a true story, with some scenes, events, and characters created or changed for dramatic purposes’. The issue still remains that most people tend to take films at face value, and do not bother doing further research about the topic at hand also the ending credits to do make that much of a difference to those people. The film as a historical source faces some limitations because it runs for ninety minutes when focusing on issue as deep as the origins of the final solutions, ninety minutes is not enough time to go into depth. The film would have been more valuable as a historical source if it had involved itself more in the debate of the origins of the final solution. However, film makers have a different duty from Historians their purpose is to entertain and not educate. The strongest limitation is the dialogue which is actually quiet misleading, because Pierson dramatizes it for entertainment purpose and it is mostly fictional. Eichmann stated in his testimony in 1962 that the last twenty minutes of the meeting were words like extermination and liquidation were used was removed from the official summary and summed in one sentence. Pierson and Mandel fail to analyse the document that the film is based on ‘minutes’ rather it summaries and add on fictional scenes for entertainment. For example in film Kritzinger protests against the idea of extermination because Hitler had promised him that this would not become a state policy. We also see another fictional scene where Heydrick pressures other senior officials Kritzinger and Stuckart to support him during the meeting there evidences suggests that he did not need to pressure them because he was powerful. During the first part of the meeting the senior officials discuss various solutions to the Jewish question, sterilisation of those with Jewish blood is discussed, and here the division between the politicians and the military can be seen. In the second part of the meeting the atmosphere becomes more serious when Heydrick suggests gas chambers and the rest of the men find out that S. S have already begun building extermination camps. The film should have clarified that Jews were already being murdered on an organised scale, Pierson slightly neglected that point. Film makers’ face the same problems Historians face when using the Wannsee protocol document, it is very open to interpretation when translated into English. Holocaust deniers have used the document to argue that Hitler had no involvement in the planning or implementing the final solution. Furthermore, Holocaust denier David Irving has argued the Wannsee conference was about immigration of the Jews, when testify during his trial he pointed that words such ‘killing’ or extermination of the Jews were not used in the conference. However in the film words like kill or exterminate were used, which is another inaccuracy because in the actual document killing euphemism are used instead. However Eichmann did confirm in his 1962 trail that after the meeting had ended the men became less restrained and freely discussed killing methods however this was deleted the official summary and replaced with one sentence. The film overplays the role of the Wannsee conference; Gerlach argues that the meeting occurred not to discuss the fate of Jews in Europe but for Heydrick to seek support from other senior officials. The conference was originally schedule for the 9th of December but happened on the 20th of January giving Heydrick time to prepare the new task based Hitler’s ‘basic decision’. Unlike other Historical source the film industry seem to have shallow research which it tends to exaggerate, this is one of the issues with this film. For this film to be an adequate historical source it should have not put so much emphasis on the conference and also focused to the prior events. Also the film does not address Hitler’s role in the final solution, most historical sources on this topic have done so, and Hitler’s role is one most controversial aspects of this topic. The relevance of the conference is widely debated amongst scholars, with conventional Historian arguing that the murdering of Jews had begun at the latest in December 1941 long before the conference. When focusing on the origins of the final solution the film gives an inaccurate perspective because although it mentions that the extermination camps were being built it fails to mention a mobile version of the gas chamber was already in use. In June 1941 the Soviet Union territory that was under Germany saw Jewish men of military age being executed by special mobile forces. On the 8th December an SS command unit used gas vans to kill Jews from neighbouring districts of Wartherland, clearly the preparations of the final solution began before the Wannsee conference. Clearly the final solution was already in place before the conference so there is no need place too much emphasis on it like Pierson. In conclusion, overall this a good film however if it is used as a historical source it should not be taken at face value. It is very good in delving into the bizarre Nazi psychology and behaviour and sophisticatedly highlights how their belief of the Nazi ideology had led them to dehumanise the Jews.

Organizational Behavior-Communication Essay Example for Free

Organizational Behavior-Communication Essay 1. Present which channels of communications should be emphasized and how these channels will be used to ensure that the traditional departments (e.g., IT, human resources, customer service, and sales) at SWC headquarters have necessary accurate and timely information. Communication in an organization or company is very important in achieving goals and objectives. It is oftentimes used in relaying information, messages and issues that concern the success of a company or organization. It is the medium used by most of the high ranking officials and members to have an organized and timely delivery of information in every office or department for instance. Various types of communication or channels had been used. These communication channels are used by the companies to convey and interact well with the employees in order to improve and attain growth of the organization. There are two types of channels—indirect and direct communication. Indirect communication is used when the interaction is not face-to-face. It uses medium such as different types of technologies like computers, monitors and among others. The most common type of indirect communication is the teleconferencing.   On the other hand, direct communication is a face-to-face type of communication. This is common when all of the members of the team are present in just one area. 2. Which channels will be key to those work teams with all members located within headquarters? In the case of SWC, all of the members of the team are within the headquarters, it is best to use direct communication. In relaying this message , a memo can be sent to the members of the team to inform them of the activity that will be done within the headquarters. It is a common knowledge that doing a meeting or gathering within a certain place when all of the people are present, it is best to employ the direct communication. If the head of the department do not have the time to write a memo the most common thing done is to send an email to the members stating the information and issues that should be discussed and later on meet face-to-face with the members. It is not advisable that the leader will just send an email to all the members even if all are present within one area. On the other hand, an email might be good to relay the information fast and easy but still it connotes something to the members. The members might think that the leader of the team is not interested in talking with them. So, there are also strengths and weaknesses of these channels. But in this case, a good leader nurtures a relationship with the members through constant socialization, constant talking with them and assuring that the company is still wants them and will be like a friend that whenever the company decides to change leadership and people the members will be the first to know. It is showing of sincerity with the members of the team. In a study done by the Harvard business school, they projected what a good manager is. They found out that the effective manager spends more than 80 percent of their time in interacting with their personnel and staff. Furthermore, their study said that interaction and conversations within the working area is important in leading a company or organization. It is human capital and social capital that is working in order to achieve and create what the company wants such as increasing productivity while enhancing innovation. In another research done by Ron Burt from the University of Chicago, a leading researcher on the social capital of managers has found, through numerous studies, that certain patterns of connections that individuals build with others brings them higher pay, earlier promotions, greater influence, better ideas and overall greater career success. Burt believes that good social capital provides a much higher return on investment in human capital the two work together. (K rebs, 2005) In another research done at the Norwegian school of economics, a manager or team leader with a better social networking were more productive since they are sincere with their work, they can easily coordinate with the members without hesitation and coordinate tasks in order to finish a certain project and accomplish the goals and objectives of the project (Krebs, 2005). 3. We may have virtual self-managed teams with members located in different parts of the world. The members have yet to meet each other. These teams are each focusing on designing and delivering specific products to certain customers by designated dates. On the other hand, while face-to-face interaction is important in achieving productivity the introduction of various technologies cannot be ignored. Some of the teams of SWC are located in various areas where there is difficulty of meeting face-to-face. In this kind of interaction, teleconferencing has been used by many organizations and companies in order to hold a meeting or to discuss an issue that concerns the company. Also, one of the successful interactions is through networking. This technology helps individuals communicate with each other even if it is across the world. It is a laborious and costly though but once it is set up many of the staff outside the headquarters will benefit from it. From this networking there will be better information flow and exchange of communication among the team members(Lussier, 2005) If SWC were to consider the virtual self-managed teams, below are some key areas that would be evaluated. A virtual self-managed team has been around the globe today. It is used by the outsourcing companies such as call centers, medical transcriptionist, and even tutorials online. Through the introduction of the technology people have embraced this and been nurturing and disseminating it to the others. But before going into a deeper context of the virtual self-managed team, a creation of this team is very important such as choosing the right person to manage and disseminate information. There are a lot of criteria in choosing the person. One of this is the knowledge and skills on the technology that will be used in the entire implementation of the project or program. Individuals who are adept with various types of technologies and willing to be trained again and again just to ensure that there will be no problems later on in the implementation.   Individuals who have lots of connections and networks that can assist them with their problems in terms of technology. Individuals who are willing to share later on their knowledge and not be tacit about the new information and studies so that there will be transfer of skills., and someone that cannot only design programs but can facilitate information flow and sharing of knowledge. a. What communication channel(s) would you recommend for the initial meeting? For the initial meeting of the team, it would be best that is done face-to-face. This is the first meeting so it should build rapport with each other. Even if there are the use of technologies later on, at least during the initial meeting and introduction of each other there already a communication among them. b. What communication channel(s) would you recommend as key interactions (you are not limited to those channels listed in the exhibit)? Later on, after the initial meeting the team can discuss issues through teleconferencing, phone calls, chat messengers and among others that might not require the presence of each other and spend costly fares just to be in one place. Organization of the issues beforehand is also important because this will identify how urgent the meeting should be or is it just one of the meetings and phone calls would be enough. c. Explain how these teams will meet the challenges of each of the stages of group/team development. Engaging in this kind of set-up, virtual self-managed team, is difficult to maintain though. It will require energy because this does not only entail communication but it also needs feedback and learning (source) among the team members. In order to meet these challenges there should be a constant communication even it is called â€Å"virtual† because through this monitoring can be done as well as learning along the way. d. What challenges does diversity present? What must be done to meet these challenges? Diversity in people is very challenging. Every person has its own personality, culture and attitude. Constant learning through trainings can be a good answer to it. e. From a communications point of view, what are the advantages and what are the disadvantages of virtual self-managed-teams? Virtual self-managed team is cost-effective. The only costs that will be incurred are the gadgets that will be used during the networking and conferencing. It can also be done anywhere and anytime of the day. Just put the set up and voila there will be a meeting in the middle of beach. On the other hand, it has also disadvantages. Since it will not require the presence of the person it does not nurture a relationship and does not build rapport among the team. Oftentimes than not, the reaction and the feelings will be not be felt if it is only in the monitor or phone calls. Conversations can be faked and might build walls.

Human Rights as a Global Issue

Human Rights as a Global Issue This essay will aim to explain and describe human rights, how it was recognised and how it is rapidly becoming a global issue in various countries. The essay will also go further to discuss Bentham’s theory relating to human rights and analyse the values of human rights with and without laws to protect them. Firstly, according to MM Wallace and Martin-Ortega â€Å"human rights are regarded as those fundamental and inalienable rights essential for life as a human being.†[1] Human rights are known to be the fundamental rights that belong to all and as such everyone is entitled to have these rights. There have been different ideas on human rights over past centuries; however it received international support as a result of the holocaust and the Second World War. As a result of this, the United Nation adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 which sets out to protect human rights in various countries, to create awareness to individuals, to serve as a benchmark, to educate individuals on their rights, to serve as a political tool. There are different bodies under the United Nations that manage the affairs of human rights and these are the Human Rights committee, the Human rights commission which was replaced by the Human rights council. These bodies enforce and aim to maintain human rights laws in different countries to a certain extent. There are three different human right laws which are enforced and monitored in different ways; these are the international law, the regional law and the domestic law. According to the oxford dictionary international law â€Å"is a body of rules established by custom or treaty recognised by nations as binding in their relations with one another.†[2]The international law protects human rights globally and it consists of treaties and conventions such as International Convention on Civil and Political Rights, the United Nations Convention on Rights of a Child and the United Nations Convention against Torture. Apart from international law, the regional law is also used to protect rights and it consists of home-group treaties such as the European Convention on Human Rights, the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights and the American Convention on Human rights. Other than this, there is also domestic law that also serve the same purpose as the international and regional laws. Many countries have their own domestic human rights legislation which sets out to protect the rights of the citizens. For example, the United Kingdom has the Human Rights Act 1998 which came into force on 2nd October 2000. Looking at the points made above, it is clear to see that these laws support and implement human rights. Human rights are essential but without the law they have no real values. According to Bentham’s theory; he states that â€Å"natural rights are simple nonsense: natural and imprescriptible right, rhetorical nonsense- nonsense upon stilts.†[3] Bentham was stating that natural rights are nonsense because he believes that rights are things that cannot be seen and if these so called rights cannot be seen then the existence of them is actually unknown. He also goes further to explain that human rights are given to individuals by the sovereign because it is the sovereign that makes the laws and therefore the laws should back up human rights, so in essence human rights have to exist with the law or without it, it is valueless. In addition to this, human rights need to have laws to guide them so as to avoid infringement upon individual’s rights by the government which may lead to conflict and dispute which could eventually escalate to war. Furthermore international law can protect rights through the use of international trade. In international trade there are sanctions that are given to some countries that violate the human rights laws and these are known as embargos, tariffs and quotas. An embargo is the complete prohibition against importing foreign goods into the country while the tariffs are taxes that are placed on imported goods in a country. The quotas are limits on the amount of a particular good that should be imported into a country. The embargo is the most commonly used sanction for states that go against the law and it has proven to be effective to a certain extent. The embargos are imposed by the UN or the EU; examples of countries that have been embargoed from the United States are North Korea, Syria, Cuba, Iran, Somalia, Sudan and Libya. Although one can see that law is really needed to protect human rights but international law can be criticised. International law is ineffective and inefficient to a certain extent because there are still reports on the infringement on human rights in different countries. An example is North Korea where human rights are being abused; this shows that even with the existence of international law and the United Nations some countries can ignore the laws since it is non-legal bound and a good example of international law is the UDHR (Universal Declaration of Human Rights). Apart from this, international law is difficult to enforce as a result of the non-legal bound factor and therefore this will prove a difficult task for the United Nations. Another demerit of international law is that some sanctions that are imposed on some countries do not affect them. The embargo which is a form of sanction does not affect some powerful countries because without trade these countries can still survive and grow with their resources. Human rights can also be valued without the implementation of the law; Bentham explains that human rights are just ideas but nevertheless they are there and they are recognised by the United Nations. The knowledge of these rights has real values in the sense that the citizens of a country can pressure the government into giving them their rights since they are aware of it. This act which can be viewed as rebellion against the government can either be carried out by interest groups or pressure groups. The student room article explained that â€Å"pressure groups are organised groups of people who come together, usually outside of the government, with a common cause with the intention of influencing government policy and public opinion.†[4] The statement above shows that pressure group are groups of individuals that come together to pursue a common interest in the society. Pressure group is essential in every democratic society because it represents and promotes the principle of freedom of speech and freedom of association inherent in democratic settings. Fagan states â€Å"the expression of opinions and views is widely considered a fundamental attribute of individual freedom.†[5] Pressure groups adopt different methods to promote their interests and these are lobbying, campaign, strike, protest and boycott. One of the major benefits of pressure groups is that it promotes democratic principles of freedom of speech therefore allowing individuals to express their opinions. Apart from this, another benefit is that it promotes democratic principles of criticism which indirectly checks the power of the government. However pressure groups have been known to be very destructive, especially during the period of direct action such as a protest and this can eventually lead to retrogression in the society. Not only can this happen but it can also lead to civil war whereby a considerable number of citizens will be killed. In addition to this, human rights that have no law to support them have its disadvantages. One of which is the fact that the government can still infringe on the citizen’s human rights even if they attempt to rebel against the government. An example of a country where such act can be seen is Syria; in Syria a civil war has occurred because of the uprising against the regime of the president Bashar al- Assad in March 2011. The Syrian civil war is also a part of the Arab spring uprisings in the Middle East. The Arab spring can be said to be the media term for a revolutionary wave of violent and non-violent demonstrations such as protest, riots and civil war in the Arab world. T he Arab spring which is still a global issue in the modern world has also been able to prove that without law to protect human rights it has no real values. In conclusion, human rights have no real values without the law to protect it. Referring back to the points made, it can be seen that having the knowledge of these rights are not substantial because human rights abuse will still occur but if the law is implemented, human rights can still be protected to a certain limit showing that with law human rights have real values. 1 [1] Wallace MM R. Martin- Ortega O, INTERNATIONAL LAW, 7TH EDITION, 2013, Sweet and Maxwell [pg 240] [2] INTERNATIONAL LAW, www.oxforddictionaries.com [accessed 19th February, 2014] [3] George H. Smith, Jeremy Bentham’s attack on Natural rights, June 26 2012, www.libertarianism.org [accessed 18th February, 2014] [4] THE STUDENT ROOM, PRESSURE GROUP,www.thestudentroom.co.uk [accessed 19th February, 2014] [5] Fagan A, THE ATLAS OF HUMAN RIGHTS, Myriad editions, 2010, Earthscan Ltd, [pg 40]

Physician assisted suicide :: essays research papers

The Effects of Assisted Suicide Legalization   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While slowly experiencing an eventual death, the pain of a life-threatening disease is unbearable. The constant anguish of a helpless cancer patient, Richard, is driving away all sanity. As he lies there on the hospital bed near his family, Richard finally makes a grave decision. He decides to call upon a physician to end his pain. The doctor would give him medication which would lead to an inevitable death. As he knows he is going to die within a few weeks anyway, Richard questions the doctor about the medication. â€Å"Just give me the word, and I will hand it over to you,† the doctor says. â€Å"Let me add, however, that even though it may be an option, do you think it is morally right?† The doctor is obviously an honest, noble man who gives all of his patients his sincere opinion. That, in most cases, is not common in a doctor’s character. Richard is left with those words from the doctor and given time to talk about the situation with his family. After a long discussion, they realize that life is a privilege and should not be taken by choice, no matter how intense the pain is. Weeks later, at Richard’s funeral, the family feels proud of him for enduring the agonizing experience and to die naturally. The choice of physician assisted suicide may be an irrelevant issue to some, but when it comes to terminally ill patients, it is definitely an observable option. These people must realize that taking a life, whether someone else’s or their own, is dishonorable. Assisted suicide should be against the law in all states because it would have an affect on medical procedures, persuade doctors to make the wrong decisions, and change the morality of people around the country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The people of this country are partially represented by the United States Supreme Court. In fact, the United States Supreme Court is going to become the final judge of this important issue because two United States Court of Appeals decisions have recently ruled laws forbidding physician-assisted suicide unconstitutional (Court 1). There is no doubt that the effect of the speculations by the highest court in this country on physician-assisted suicide will be as important as anyone has witnessed in a long while. Physician-assisted suicide is one of the most controversial medical issues there is. Although a recent poll shows that 64 to 73 percent of Americans believe doctors should be admitted to end the lives of terminally ill patients under their permission, Americans may not realize what could actually happen if

Chrysanthemums Essays -- essays papers

Chrysanthemums A good writer has many tools at hand that help them develop good story lines. There are literary techniques such as voice, point of view, character, theme, and symbolism. One very interesting technique is that of symbolism. With symbolism the author is able to write a story in which many of the actions around the main character seem to enhance the way the character develops. The use of symbolism to develop the characters is easy to see in the short story "the chrysanthemums" by John Steinback. In this story Steinback writes of a woman who lives on a farm; but the woman feels trapped, and wishes that she could free herself. The author uses both the time of year and the location to develop a setting that compliments the feelings of the main character. The story starts off saying, "The high Gray-flannel fog of winter closed off the Salinas Valley from the sky and from the rest of the world."(Steinback 267)from the first sentence the author is developing a setting that compliments t he character. At this point in time of the story nothing is known about the Elisa Allen, but this quote about how the Salinas valley is closed off from the world is a symbol of the struggle that Elisa is soon to face. The second sentence of this story reinforces that the this place is isolated by saying, "On every side it sat like a lid on the mountains and made the great valley a closed pot. "(Steinback 267) The symbol of a closed pot works in conjunction with the first sentence to give an idea to the extent of how hard it would be to escape the pressure of the isolation that Elisa is feeling. The symbol of living on a farm helps Steinback show Elisa's isolation. Location is not the only symbol that Stinback uses in this sto... ... story that all of these symbols take on full meaning. A person who read this story only once may not pick up on the symbol of the valley holding Elisa back, confining her to do conventional woman's tasks. The time symbol in the story shows how Elisa is anticipating that something would happen to change the way that things are. Then the bath where Elisa cleanses herself from the confining restrictive role symbolizes the moment in time where Elisa grows up to be a woman. All these symbols work together to show Elisa Allen's character. Without them this story would have had a simple plot line where a woman grows some flowers, and then goes out with her husband. However, with all the symbols there is a story about a woman who is struggling with herself to break free from the traditional woman's role, and in the end learns that she has grown up to become a woman.

Comapring Naivete and Satire in Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels and

Naivete and Satire in Jonathan Swifts' Gulliver's Travels and Voltaire's Candide       A child has the ability to make the most critical and objective observation on society and the behavior of man. How is this possible? A child has yet to mature and lacks proper education and experience. However, it is for this very reason that a child would make the perfect social scientist; his or her naivete may provide an excellent means of objective criticism and most often satire. A child's curious nature and hunger for knowledge would bring about an unbiased questioning of social structures, minus the brainwashing of these very institutions, and his or her vulnerability would expose any societal dangers present. This child-like scientist would see the truth as it is.    This same premise may be applied to literary works. A naive character or narrator may be used as a child-like scientist, who reveals social truths to the audience through his or her naivete. As Maurois has noted, in writing about Candide, by Voltaire," It was novel of apprenticeship, that is, the shaping of an adolescent's ideas by rude contact with the universe" (101). Jonathan Swift also takes this approach in his work Gulliver's Travels, where Gulliver, the main character, provides a naive point of reference.    The satires Gulliver's Travels, by Jonathan Swift, and Candide, by Voltaire, both make use of naivete to convey satirical attacks on society. In both works, litotes [understatements] are made of extremely absurd situations, which further illuminates the ridiculous nature of a situation. Characters in each novel are made vulnerable by their overly trusting natures. This is taken advantage of, and these characters are left e... ... Ideas. New York: D Appleton and Company, 1929. * "Introduction to Gulliver's Travels." Norton Anthology of English Literature, The Major Authors. Ed. M.H. Abrhams et al. Sixth ed. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1995. * Lawler, John. "The Evolution of Gulliver's Character." Norton Critical Editions. * Maurois, Andre'. Voltaire. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1932. * Mylne, Vivienne. The Eighteenth-Century French Novel. Manchester: University of Manchester Press, 1965. * Pasco, Allan H. Novel Configurations A Study of French Fiction. Birmingham: Summa Publications, 1987. * Quintana, Ricardo "Situation as Satirical Method." Norton Critical Editions: Jonathan Swift Gulliver's Travels. Ed. Robert A Greenberg. New York: W. W. Norton and Company Inc., 1961. * Van Doren, Carl. Swift .New York: The Viking Press, 1930.   

The Color

The Color in a space gives more depth and mood to it .When perceived by a person, psychological effects and reactions are made on him or her due to the physiology of color. According to child psychologist Jean Piaget (1954), children during preoperational period (Age 2-7) communicate more with colour than language. He further explains the importance of colour in sensory & cognitive development of a child during this period. Despite of being the most deeply affected group of users, children are presently the least able to influence the design of their own environment. Not only are children seldom consulted about these matters; their needs are often forgotten when such facilities are being designed. Architects design environments which uplift the spirit and enhance sense of well being for People. They are able to modify the way a person would perceive, think about and behave in an environment. In this case Architects have a greater responsibility in shaping the built environment of the Kindergarten where the primary user is the child (Age 2  ½ -5). Since the early education methods are based on principles of child psychology, environments of early learning and the colours used for its ambiance are interrelated and play a vital role in child development. Hereby it is important to understand the type of color combinations required as spatial characteristics to fulfill the needs of Kindergarten activity and to discuss in what extent it is achieved in the Sri Lankan context.CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 gives a background of the study, which will establish its needs, objectives, scope and limitations, method and benefits. Background to the subject The manner in which we experience the sense of being in the world has been driven by a pure sensory understanding. Human contact in the world is through the sensory organs that respond through tactile, visual and audible means of the physical environment. Amongst these, colour plays a significant role in visual transfer of information from the surroundings to the perceiver. Colour is first and foremost an experience which permits human beings to enhance the total experience of the world around them. The ability to use the sense of color to an advantage in visual arts, clothing, external architecture, landscape architecture and interior architecture is one of the distinctive features of the human kind (Kuehni, 1983). Unlike the adult human who comprehends his external environment within a complex array of experiences children are mostly extroverted by nature: they not only absorb the many avenues of interest in the environment, but also experience the many emotions it evokes with candour and eagerness. As young children are instantly attracted to colour, it is recognised as one of the best mediums through which they can represent the feelings they realise. (Birren, F., 1976) Faber Birren (1988) states that Children's responses are more colour dominant than form dominant: hence its application in the spaces that children occupy requires a conscious effort. Accordingly learning spaces, such as preschools, colored appropriately, provides an unthreatening environment to the child that improves visual processing, reduces stress, and challenges brain development through visual stimulation/relationships and pattern seeking. (Simmons, 1995).Use of color in early learning spaceAlthough the use of color becomes a very sensitive and important application in preschool environments, is it is wrongly considered a surface application than an actual design element which addresses functional, aesthetical and psychological aspects, of the user. . Therefore it is important to understand that a colourful space does not necessarily provide the appropriate solutions as one would assume a colorless space would not. â€Å"Color for the sake of color accomplishes little that is constructive, just as bleak environments accomplish nothing constructive either† (Mahnke, 1996, p.180). Research has demonstrated that specific colors and patterns directly influence the health, morale, emotions, behavior, and performance of learners, depending on the individual's culture, age, gender, and developmental level, the subject being studied, and the activity being conducted. Mahnke F.H. (1996) states the use of preferred colors and color schemes in preschool environments increases the attractiveness and the sense of belongingness. Producing a fruitful and enjoyable education process†¦ Therefore Children's preference for color should be carefully regarded in the colour application of preschools. 1.2 Objective of the study The main objective of this study is to analyze the use of colour in early learning spaces and its contribution to the kindergarten concept of ‘learning through play'. While it is apparent that color in child environments are necessary what is less clear is the combinations and variations that work as stimuli in a kindergarten environment and work positively towards the learning activity of the child. Moreover, this main objective can be further detailed with the following.To analyze color preferences of preschool children, in relation to age and gender.To analyze the use of color through the identified principles and apply them to the â€Å"Learning through Play† method adopted in kindergartens.To discover how the use of colour in a pre-school environment particularly affects the kindergarten activity, the ambiance and the behavior of the child.  To identify possible colours and colour schemes with the aid of natural light conducive in creating an ideal kindergarten en vironment for â€Å"Learning through Play†.1.3 Methodology Initially the Kindergarten and early childhood education and the concept of ‘Learning through play' is studied through a literature survey referring to Local and international examples of kindergarten architecture to determine the nature or specific features of the spatial quality required. Subsequently theories and principles relevant to color for ‘Learning through play' is reviewed through literature in order to identify key principles relevant to the study: the main intent being to analyze colours and colour schemes used in kindergarten environments through which to establish the colour principles to be adhered in order to achieve the particular spatial quality required for ‘Learning through Play' Once established these factors form the basis for the examination and evaluation of case studies. The data researched to evaluate the key principles will be collected through a process of systematic observation during different times of the day and a field survey. The three case studies will be selected, investigated and analyses through derived principles which form the scheme of analysis: Accordingly, students of three kindergartens of Colombo District will be chosen: each study will contain different colour applications in specific identified areas: namely the classroom, play areas and the corridors which are then each tested against their colour preferences respectively. The results of the studies will then analyze. The research concludes with a discussion on how colour is manipulated and made meaningful in the Kindergarten concept of ‘Learning through play' with an emphasis on its effect on optimum learning. It further discusses other considerations such as location and the levels of light and glare that may be accountable for the variables observed in the study. 1.4 Scope and limitations Study is focused on identifying the â€Å"use of color† with regard to Child behavior patterns and the early learning spaces only. Further limitations of this dissertation are:The user group will be limited to the pre-operational period of childhood (2 1/2 – 5 year old children) of Nursery and kindergarten Method.Interpretation of Colour in Architecture would be confined to the Nursery and Kindergarten Method.Literature reviews on child based research and use of color on kindergarten environments.Case studies are analyzed based on accepted research, accepted theories on colour, childhood development and sensory perception without entering into a discussion on divergent views.Architectural benefits of the studyIdentify which color combinations are more suitable in a healthy learning environment for children.Create an opportunity for discussion to establish a perception on how to use color for early learning spaces.Create awareness for innovative use of color in the conte xt of early learning space design in Sri Lanka.

Purifying use of cooking oil

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTIONBackground of the Study Oil used in cooking foods is commonly derived from vegetables. Cooking oil is commonly used for frying and oil used for frying is usually thrown away. The recycling of cooking oil also provides a form of revenue for restaurants,  which are sometimes compensated by cooking oil recyclers for their used deep fryer oil. Cooking oil recycling also results in less used oil being disposed of in drains, which can clog sewage lines due to the build-up of fats.Statement of the Problem How to purify and reuse cooking oil for further usage? Objectives of the StudyThis investigatory project determines the possibility of purifying used cooking oil using sedimentation method. The activated carbon was also used in the experiment to absorb some dissolved substances in the oil. There were three different setups used in this study namely; Setup 1 (sedimentation was done once); Setup 2 (sedimentation was done twice); and Setup 3 (sedimentation was done thr ice). The purified oil was compared to commercial oil in terms of color, odor, and clearness using acceptability test. Viscosity test was also done in the laboratory. 3.The means of the samples were compared and revealed that purified oil had no significant difference to commercial cooking oil in terms of color/clearness and odor as the result of the acceptability test. Therefore, sedimentation is a possible method of purifying used cooking oil.

Personal Transformation in Times of Dilemma

Many wonder what causes one to undergo a change of psyche. It happens in times of struggle and dilemma, when the line between right and wrong is skewed. Yet the cause of one to go against what they previously valued is as unique as the situation itself. In the story Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, these transformations are seen in characters of all backgrounds. Their Jump from one end of the ideological spectrum to the other is what the story aims to spotlight. Many are put in situations of constant stress and conflict, which seem to bring out a more unfamiliar disposition.This instability brings the possibility of the characters being psychopathic, more prominently seen in the character Jekyll. When faced with moral and ethical dilemma, the characters of Stevenson's Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde experience abnormal personal transformation due to distress and psychopathic episodes. These dilemmas push characters like the restrained and reasonable Jekyll to become beast-like Hyde. Constantly faced with the moral limits of his ambition, Jekyll transformed into a man with none of his prior values. The most prominent personal transformation in the story was faced by Jekyll.Beginning as a man of order, the pursuit of his twisted medical experimentations drove him to become an altered being. The altered being was Hyde, a man without the restraints and gentleman-like qualities that defined Jekyll. Stevenson's aim was to â€Å"attempt to describe the nature of an anomaly,† (Rosner. ) Whether the King 2 change Jekyll experienced is capable in all people, or Just a special few, is the question the Stevenson raised. The story featured a wide array of characters to show the many forms of transformation that people can face.Characters were given ersonalities and ideologies that were applicable to all people of the Victorian era. Utterson, an â€Å"austere† and honest man, along with Jekyll, represent the conservative side of the moral spectrum. The two men are focused and ethically restrained. While men like them were commonplace in the Victorian era, the generally straitlaced culture would also take a toll on the mind. Although he was a Lawyer, Utterson found that his ambitions were subdued by societal and personal restraints. He however remained on his original path, up until he became a close friend of Jekyll.Jekyll epresents what could be called â€Å"moral insanity,† (Rosner. ) Moral insanity is defined as â€Å"a morbid perversion of the natural feelings, affections, inclinations, temper, habits, moral dispositions, and natural impulses, without any remarkable disorder or defect of the intellect or knowing and reasoning faculties,† (Rosner. ) While initially Jekyll may not fit this description, as he continues down his dark path it becomes ever more prevalent. Moral insanity represents Hyde in Jekyll. Hyde embodies man's farthest reach from order and restraint; he attacks the innocent on impulse, and uides his life with beast-like aptitude.This savage nature does not abide well with the culture in which ne lives, as his primal ambitions are quelled by society . This side of Jekyll represents the terminal end of ambition, and the wild control it has over those who feed on it. The three main characters of the story each represent distinct dispositions: strong restraint, King 3 strong ambition, and one that is torn between the two. The restrained Utterson is conflicted with the dullness of his everyday life and his ambition to pursue the curious life of Dr. Jekyll. He sees the dark temptations that wait for him along that path, which makes him cautious.Hyde represents the burning ambition within Jekyll. Though his intellect remains, it cannot save him from the â€Å"moral weakness† that Hyde originates from. Hyde seeks to take over his other half by tempting it with wild ambition and exorbitance. From the extremes of the two previous characters, Jekyll's struggle in emphasized. The stressful dual-life th at he lives causes him to drift farther away from the norms of society. The less in touch he got with society, the more he began to pursue his dark experimentations. Hyde gained strength the more this happened, which led to an increase in psychopathic episodes from Jekyll. It was on the moral side, and in my own person, that I learned to recognise the thorough and primitive duality of man†¦ ‘ was radically both. I had learned to dwell with separation of these elements. If each, I told myself, could be housed in separate identities, life would be relieved of all that was unbearable,† (pg. 123. ) Jekyll recalls his history and struggles with the duality of man. He has seen men transformed by the weights of life, which in turn has spurred one of his own. Throughout the story, Jekyll distances himself farther and farther from societal norms.The self-inflicted alienation, combined with his Hyde personality, make him a psychopath. As his transformation into Hyde continues , so does his psychopathic symptoms. One of Jekyll's more prominent psychopathic events is when he brutally clubbed to death Sir Danvers Carew. Sir Carew was a member of Parliament and a client of Utterson. Jekyll had no connection with the man. Hyde, â€Å"having no moral or social mores that need be followed,† (Sing, King 4 Chakrabarti,) impulsively bludgeons the man then flees. This impetuous act brings to light a ferocious quality looming within Jekyll.He attempts to defend himself, saying â€Å"l cannot say I care what becomes of Hyde. I am quite done with him. I was thinking of my own character,† (pg. 53. ) While Jekyll may believe that the heinous acts Hyde commits distances the two, it actually strengthens their bond. Both Poole and Mr. Guest begin to realize that Jekyll is covering up Hyde's tracks, which makes Utterson increasingly distraught over his friend. Such a psychotic event brings about a transformation within Jekyll, by not only feeding Hyde's influe nce, but getting himself urther entwined with his other self.Jekyll's transformation takes place as he alienates himself from society in order to find salvation from his condition. Throughout the story, Lanyon recalls Jekyll's pursuit of â€Å"scientific heresies,† (pg 35. ) Though it was clear that Hyde's influence was increasing, Jekyll was able to maintain the desire to remain Jekyll. Sadly, that desire contributed to his utter transformation. Focusing on his eccentric studies, he was under constant stress from Hyde and Society. The distress he suffered from caused his mind to weaken.Lanyon saw the consequences ot Jekyll's research, stating: â€Å"He began to go wrong, wrong in his mind,† (pg. 21 . ) The point at which he went â€Å"wrong† from was the untainted Jekyll, whom Lanyon was proud to be acquainted with. What drove the two apart was their personal involvement in the sciences, as Jekyll has much more of a cause to persevere than Lanyon. Now alone, Je kyll let the sciences overwhelm and define the direction of his life. In his letter to Lanyon at the end of the story, Jekyll describes himself living under a â€Å"blackness of distress,† (pg. 107,) to whichLanyon came to the conclusion that his â€Å"colleague was insane,† (pg 107. ) Jekyll truly crumbled under the weight of his scientific salvation. Not only did it leave him weak enough for Hyde to take over his mind, but it also King 5 contributed to his psychopathic tendencies. Jekyll's dilemma tested the boundaries of scientific ambition and one's morals. He showed how those guided by logic and reason can still succumb to ferocious ambition. Stevenson carefully crafted each character of the story to show different ideological standpoints' reaction to the same dilemma.Jekyll's psychopathic episodes rought about further transformation into Hyde, as well as increased the overall severity of his psychopathy. He was battling the influence of Hyde while also trying to find a cure for his condition. He was â€Å"different in mental and physical attributes† that were â€Å"constantly at war with each other,† (Sing, Chakrabarti. ) Personal transformation was evident in this story, with distress and psychopathic episodes clearly being the cause. Whether or not such transformation is capable in everyone, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde shows that duality is strengthened by distress and psychopathy.

During protestant reformation

Henry Vic's people became angry with the church, and German monk Martin Luther spoke out (95 theses). B. The Elizabethan Era (p. 288) Elizabeth l, prove to be great ruler. Sent Sir Francis Drake across globe, and Sir Walter Raleigh tried to put colony in Virginia. Greatest feat is defeating the Spanish Armada. C. The Rise of the Stuart and The Defeat of the Monarchy (p. 289) After death of Elizabeth, James I took throne (Scotland). This angered Catholics after his support of Church of England. Charles I took over in 1625 and relations withPuritans worsened, also after he dismissed Parliament. This put England into civil war. Oliver Cromwell and puritans defeated Royalists. Puritans made a commonwealth. Big set back. Once Charles II came back from exile to assume the throne restoration began. D. The Renaissance (p. 290) Art, poetry, music, theatre, all thriving during this time period. Started in Italy and spread throughout Europe. Life on Earth began to hold more energy and interest than thoughts of afterlife and religion. A renaissance man was a well rounded man who did the best he could with his or her talents. This was the time of Shakespeare,Galileo, and other creative people who invented and developed things to cultivate time period. Such as compass, printing press, and things like that. People began to explore life on earth and began to question many important things. Theatre was huge during this time, and King James Bible was made. The time period concluded in 1660 II. Renaissance Literature A. Pastoral Poems and Sonnets (p. 291) Energy became vibrant in literature. Sir Phillip Sidney, Sir Walter Raleigh and Edmond Spencer all put forth great literature. A pastoral poem is one that represents an idealized manner of shepherd life. Literature of Nature also emerged evilly.B. Shakespearean Drama (up. 292-93) Shakespeare contributed so much to drama and literature during time period. Mystery, mystical and morality plays developed greatly. Interludes and Lati n and Greek dramas. He contributed tragedy and Comedies that to this day are famous. Also satires. His plays displayed many events and stories throughout history C. The Rise of Humanism (up. 294-95) Art, History, Philosophy and literature is what Humanists studied. English humanists were Erasmus, Sir Thomas More. Utopia was famous work of literature. Many translations also appeared. D. Spiritual and Devotional Writings (up. 295-96)King James Bible did more to mold English writing than anything. Scholar John Wickedly was scrutinized for his translation of spiritual scripture. King James Bible influenced John Million's â€Å"Paradise Lost†. Also puritan writer John Bunyan who was famous for his allegory arose during this time. E. The Metaphysical and Cavalier Poets (up. 296-97) Ben Johnson was an accomplished poet related to Shakespeare because of that manner or writing. Ben Johnson had a group of men who followed him called â€Å"Sons of Ben†, this included Robert Heroi c, Richard Lovelace, and Sir John Suckling. John Done represents the Metaphysical poets.

Ethics and Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethics and Business - Research Paper Example In short, ethical principle differs in different societies. Under such circumstances, it is difficult for a society filled with Muslims and Christians to standardise ethical principles. Business is one area in which ethical principles have relevance. The ultimate objective of many of the business organizations in this world is to make as much as profits possible using all the available means. Such greedy business organizations sacrifice ethical principles in business to generate profits. However, it is difficult for such organizations to survive in the business world in the long run. This is because of the fact that current consumers are valuing and respecting the reputation of the organization more while they take any purchasing decisions. Modern consumers respect organizations which demonstrate their social responsibility. In order to sustain business in the current heavily competitive business world, it is necessary for the organizations to give something back to the community in which they operate. Crane &Matten (2007) pointed out that â€Å"There appears to be good reason to suggest business ethics as a phenomenon, as a subject, but not as an oxymoron† (Crane &Matten, 2007, p.5). Business and ethics are not all contrasting each other. In other words, it is possible to do business in an ethical manner. Business ethics is important in decision making, personal integrity, social responsibility, law etc. This paper analyses the importance of ethics in business. Business Ethics as Ethical Decision Making   One of the fundamental handicaps of business is its misguided tendency to view ethics and business as if they can be treated as separate or separate-able. Business cannot and should not be disentangled from ethics and viewed in isolation any more than operations or marketing can or should be considered without regard for the products or services being inventoried or sold. The economics should not be paramount to ethics in business; if anything, ethic s should be paramount to economics (Elm & Radin, 2012, p.314). Business is part of human life and hence it cannot be viewed in isolation with our social life. In other words, whatever, the ethical principles one may follow in his personal life, should be followed in his professional or business life also. So, whatever the decisions taken in business should be in line with the ethical principles. A business person cannot follow one policy in his personal life and another policy in his business life. It should be noted that most of the parameters we come across in business may come across in our personal life also. Therefore whatever the ethics and morals we follow in our personal life should be followed in business life also. Manpower is one of the major resources needed for business. Unlike machines, man has emotions and feelings. So, a business person cannot treat manpower and machine power in the same manner. He should treat manpower separately and machine power separately. He can not ask an employee to work continuously just like a machine. Same way, in an organization, different employees may have different capabilities. It is difficult for a business person to ask all his employees to demonstrate a particular level of efficiency. In other words, a business person should take decisions based on the circumstances and humanitarian considerations. In short business decisions should be taken based on moral reasoning. â€Å"

Branding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words

Branding - Essay Example The idea that you are what you buy - that possessions confer status - has long existed and guided some purchasing, as most notably observed by Thorstein Veblen (1899). However, as status became associated with specific brands, the next step historically became the marketing of brand imitations.The act of branding can be traced back to the early 1800's when cowboys would brand their cattle before driving them across the central plains of the United States (Rozin 2002). In order to identify which cattle belonged to each ranch a unique symbol was permanently burned onto the cow. These symbols, in addition to serving as a means of identification, provided a set of traditions and a social identity for the cowboys.Today, companies use brands to distinguish themselves from their competition and to communicate unique qualities of their products (Aaker and Keller 1990; Low and Fullerton 1994). Once a brand is established, the brand name itself is thought to add value to the product in the min ds of consumers. This added value is referred to as brand equity (Aaker 1991). Companies and designers often employ marketing strategies that capitalize on their brand equity and place a greater value on the shapes and labels of their products than the material from which they are made. Such companies provide buyers with what are conventionally called elite brands, defined by Silverstein and Fiske (2003) as those brands that possess higher levels of quality, taste and aspiration than other brands in the product category. These products are often justifiably priced higher than other brands in order to make their brand seem exclusive and more prestigious. For example, elite designers are able to transform a 10 pound t-shirt into a $200 sought after treasure (Chatpaiboon 2004). Recently, Hermes reported that customers were placed on a two-year waiting list for their most popular Birkin bag, which retails for $6000 (Branch 2004). On EBay, women engaged in bidding wars over a blue Birkin bag for which the winner ultimately paid over $13,000 (Rose 2003). Many manufacturers have been successful in commanding a price premium for their brands. However, it seems that some designers and manufacturers have become victims of their own success. Once an elite brand has become so closely associated with status and prestige in the minds of consumers, it is only natural that other companies would want to imitate it (Rose 2003). Those who use brand imitating as a strategy to facilitate the adoption of their new product copy certain characteristics of the original brand (Kotler and Keller 2007). Previous research has shown that consumers often use their existing perceptions of a brand to evaluate new offerings such a product or line extensions (Aaker and Keller 1990). Because it appears similar to the original brand, consumers will then transfer attributes of the original

Crime prevention programs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Crime prevention programs - Research Paper Example This is conventionally achieved by studying the factors that fundamentally contribute to the spread of crime. Effective implementation of such crime prevention programs requires full collaboration and cooperation of parents, siblings, friends, tutors, mentors and other people who are strongly related to the child indulged in crime in one way or another. It is a well consented opinion that if adequate measures are taken to discourage the crime committing tendency of a juvenile when he/she is only in the initial stages, the juvenile can be prevented from becoming a dreadful criminal in the future and can be made to become a potential responsible citizen. A vast majority of the crime prevention programs are directed at targeting the basic risk factors that are thought to be related to offense. The programs may tend to induce changes in the culture, nature and infrastructure of a community in an attempt to reduce the crime rate. Some of the most frequently employed crime prevention progr ams are community policing, Weed and Seed, and neighborhood watch (Office of Justice Programs, n.d.). Some crime prevention programs are place oriented because of the functionality of different places in serving the purpose. â€Å"Hot spot† and â€Å"Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design† (CPTED) are two examples of place oriented programs of crime prevention (Office of Justice Prevention, n.d.). This paper discusses some of the programs that are commonly used to control crime among juveniles that have been proposed by the National Crime Prevention Council (NCPC) in particular, and various other programs in general. Founded in 1982, NCPC administers the â€Å"Crime Prevention Coalition of America† and also monitors â€Å"McGruff the Crime Dog† and the â€Å"National Citizens’ Crime Prevention Campaign† (National Crime Prevention Council, 2011). Programs mentioned in this paper prevent crime both in individuals as well as groups of ju veniles. Neighborhood crime: People can take a number of steps to safeguard their homes as well as those of their neighbors against such forms of crime as vandalism, theft, robbery and violence. Neighborhood Watch is one such crime prevention program that was originally introduced by the National Sheriff's Association, and now, the National Crime Prevention Council (NCPC) publicizes it (Link, 2010). This nationwide crime prevention program provides the citizens as well as the local law enforcement bodies with tools using which, they can jointly work in mutual collaboration to ensure the safety of their neighborhood. Such tools include but are not limited to window signs, and phone trees. The window signs alert those who pass by about the activity of the resident. Neighbors can get in touch with each other through phone trees when they are on vacations. People may take participation in their area’s local Neighborhood Watch by due consultation with the neighborhood association in their locality, or simply by consulting the NCPC website. School bullying: Parents and mentors today are much more concerned about the potential ways in which childhood bullying can negatively impact the children, while in the past, childhood bullying was considered a normal aspect of school life. Not only does the bullying cast negative impacts on the personality of the victims, but also, the bullies feel encouraged to become potential criminals in the future if time

How to establish an Ethical culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How to establish an Ethical culture - Essay Example In this regard, a good leader should not only address the issues of misconduct but also he or she must adopt comprehensive strategies in order to create ethical firm. This paper aims at discussing how to establish an ethical culture from leadership in an organization. Ethics entails standard of conduct that an organization should follow in its day to day activities. Based on the diversity that exists in the definition of ethical behavior, it is paramount for any firm to come up with a policy that clearly defines its ethical guidelines. In the current business arena, the importance of ethics in local and international companies cannot be overlooked (Ellis, 2007). To the employees, ethics in an organization ensure their security, respect and honest. On their part, leaders must hold ethics as a way of complying with the government regulations while at the same time creating a good opportunity for the development of the employees. Managers must come up with a compliance program that is i n line with the goals of their firms making it to be embraced by all the stakeholders. One of the benefits of such a program is that it will make the employees be aware of the ethical standards and what is expected from them by the managers (Wallace, 2007). Secondly, it allows managers to respond in a timely manner to deal with ethical issues once they arise. Thirdly, it makes the employees to make independence decisions and report any ethical issue that may jeopardize the operations of the company. Three key aspects that leaders should emulate before initiating an appropriate ethics program include integrity, trust and accountability. As mentioned earlier, an ethics program must be in line with the goals of a firm. Thus there is need for the leaders to emulate various components that ensures the needs of their firms are met by the ethics program they initiate. For example, the leaders should that their code of ethics is comprehensive (John, 2000). This means that the program should cover all the issues that may arise in a firm including hiring process, dismissal of employees and promotion of workers among other areas. Secondly, the program should include the training of the management and the employees. Thirdly, it should indicate the communication system and process adopted in the form. Fourthly, the program should clearly indicate the investigating procedure emulated by the company as well as the consequences that arise as the result of violation of the ethics by the employees and the managers (Singer, 2000). As the world economy improves after the recent economic downturn, unethical behaviors such as theft and fraud among the finance managers and employees may rise. In this regard, ethics program should essentially allow for extensive training of the managers in order to provide with skills that are vital in detecting a fraud. Additionally, the employees should be trained on how to report cases of wrong doings by their fellow workers. Use of 3 Cs to establ ish a culture of character In their efforts to ensure that the culture of ethics is established in an organization, managers can employ the concept of 3Cs (code, character and conversion) as advocated for by Turknett leadership group (Turknett leadership group, 2012). By use of the three aspects at each level in the organization, it becomes easier for the managers to keenly monitor the conduct of all the employees. Being the first step, managers must come up with