Crime prevention programs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Crime prevention programs - Research Paper Example This is conventionally achieved by studying the factors that fundamentally contribute to the spread of crime. Effective implementation of such crime prevention programs requires full collaboration and cooperation of parents, siblings, friends, tutors, mentors and other people who are strongly related to the child indulged in crime in one way or another. It is a well consented opinion that if adequate measures are taken to discourage the crime committing tendency of a juvenile when he/she is only in the initial stages, the juvenile can be prevented from becoming a dreadful criminal in the future and can be made to become a potential responsible citizen. A vast majority of the crime prevention programs are directed at targeting the basic risk factors that are thought to be related to offense. The programs may tend to induce changes in the culture, nature and infrastructure of a community in an attempt to reduce the crime rate. Some of the most frequently employed crime prevention progr ams are community policing, Weed and Seed, and neighborhood watch (Office of Justice Programs, n.d.). Some crime prevention programs are place oriented because of the functionality of different places in serving the purpose. â€Å"Hot spot† and â€Å"Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design† (CPTED) are two examples of place oriented programs of crime prevention (Office of Justice Prevention, n.d.). This paper discusses some of the programs that are commonly used to control crime among juveniles that have been proposed by the National Crime Prevention Council (NCPC) in particular, and various other programs in general. Founded in 1982, NCPC administers the â€Å"Crime Prevention Coalition of America† and also monitors â€Å"McGruff the Crime Dog† and the â€Å"National Citizens’ Crime Prevention Campaign† (National Crime Prevention Council, 2011). Programs mentioned in this paper prevent crime both in individuals as well as groups of ju veniles. Neighborhood crime: People can take a number of steps to safeguard their homes as well as those of their neighbors against such forms of crime as vandalism, theft, robbery and violence. Neighborhood Watch is one such crime prevention program that was originally introduced by the National Sheriff's Association, and now, the National Crime Prevention Council (NCPC) publicizes it (Link, 2010). This nationwide crime prevention program provides the citizens as well as the local law enforcement bodies with tools using which, they can jointly work in mutual collaboration to ensure the safety of their neighborhood. Such tools include but are not limited to window signs, and phone trees. The window signs alert those who pass by about the activity of the resident. Neighbors can get in touch with each other through phone trees when they are on vacations. People may take participation in their area’s local Neighborhood Watch by due consultation with the neighborhood association in their locality, or simply by consulting the NCPC website. School bullying: Parents and mentors today are much more concerned about the potential ways in which childhood bullying can negatively impact the children, while in the past, childhood bullying was considered a normal aspect of school life. Not only does the bullying cast negative impacts on the personality of the victims, but also, the bullies feel encouraged to become potential criminals in the future if time

How to establish an Ethical culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How to establish an Ethical culture - Essay Example In this regard, a good leader should not only address the issues of misconduct but also he or she must adopt comprehensive strategies in order to create ethical firm. This paper aims at discussing how to establish an ethical culture from leadership in an organization. Ethics entails standard of conduct that an organization should follow in its day to day activities. Based on the diversity that exists in the definition of ethical behavior, it is paramount for any firm to come up with a policy that clearly defines its ethical guidelines. In the current business arena, the importance of ethics in local and international companies cannot be overlooked (Ellis, 2007). To the employees, ethics in an organization ensure their security, respect and honest. On their part, leaders must hold ethics as a way of complying with the government regulations while at the same time creating a good opportunity for the development of the employees. Managers must come up with a compliance program that is i n line with the goals of their firms making it to be embraced by all the stakeholders. One of the benefits of such a program is that it will make the employees be aware of the ethical standards and what is expected from them by the managers (Wallace, 2007). Secondly, it allows managers to respond in a timely manner to deal with ethical issues once they arise. Thirdly, it makes the employees to make independence decisions and report any ethical issue that may jeopardize the operations of the company. Three key aspects that leaders should emulate before initiating an appropriate ethics program include integrity, trust and accountability. As mentioned earlier, an ethics program must be in line with the goals of a firm. Thus there is need for the leaders to emulate various components that ensures the needs of their firms are met by the ethics program they initiate. For example, the leaders should that their code of ethics is comprehensive (John, 2000). This means that the program should cover all the issues that may arise in a firm including hiring process, dismissal of employees and promotion of workers among other areas. Secondly, the program should include the training of the management and the employees. Thirdly, it should indicate the communication system and process adopted in the form. Fourthly, the program should clearly indicate the investigating procedure emulated by the company as well as the consequences that arise as the result of violation of the ethics by the employees and the managers (Singer, 2000). As the world economy improves after the recent economic downturn, unethical behaviors such as theft and fraud among the finance managers and employees may rise. In this regard, ethics program should essentially allow for extensive training of the managers in order to provide with skills that are vital in detecting a fraud. Additionally, the employees should be trained on how to report cases of wrong doings by their fellow workers. Use of 3 Cs to establ ish a culture of character In their efforts to ensure that the culture of ethics is established in an organization, managers can employ the concept of 3Cs (code, character and conversion) as advocated for by Turknett leadership group (Turknett leadership group, 2012). By use of the three aspects at each level in the organization, it becomes easier for the managers to keenly monitor the conduct of all the employees. Being the first step, managers must come up with

Operational Analysis and Effectiveness Case Study

Operational Analysis and Effectiveness - Case Study Example Operations as defined by Heizer is the management of production of goods and services that add value to the firm. Thus, operations cannot be ignored any wherelets first analyze briefly what actually is the function of an airline industry. Airline industry provides services to its customers by transporting them from one destination to another be it international, national, regional or simply for cargo purposes. The operations issues that are important and critical include airport capacity, route structures, technology and costs to lease or buy the physical aircrafts1. Some of the larger issues that organizations face every time are the weather conditions, fuel costs and labor. Since weather effects flight schedules and is quite variable and naturally unpredictable; weather extremes such as snow, fog, and extreme temperatures can halt the operations of the air transport and hence add to costs both in terms of opportunity cost and the physical cost already incurred. Without fuel, no aero plane could fly, fuel costs comprise around 17-18% of the total cost of the airline company. For managing fuel efficiency the air transportation management should schedule flights properly as for example short haul flights are less fuel efficient as greater part is consumed in landing and take off. Labor is very important, which includes all sorts of labor and skills, flight attendants, pilots, baggage handl ers, dispatchers, customer services, air hosts and hostesses etc. The critical activities2 of an airline industry include demand forecasting, network design, revenue management, route planning, airline schedule planning, irregular operations aircraft routing, integrated scheduling, real time crew management, crew pairing optimization, air traffic flow management, crew rostering, air traffic simulation and control, and also coping with the concerned authorities' control program. Now the critical activities are discussed independently, and the relevant outcome and importance is also specified. Demand forecasting by airlines It is important for an air transportation industry to forecast demand levels correctly, as the management of demand can help in maximizing revenues as much as possible. And since demand for air travel seems to have been growing at the multiples of GDP therefore the need becomes more pronounced. And, there is a need to understand the demand for airlines industry is of two types, viz. underlying growth and the induced growth. The underlying growth in demand occurs as a reason of naturally occurring external factors in the environment;

Anna Pavlova Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Anna Pavlova - Research Paper Example On graduation, she began to perform at the Maryinksy Theatre, debuting on September 19, 1899. 1In early 20th century, Pavlova was a transnational celebrity. She had her first tour to Moscow in 1907 and by 1910; she made an appearance at the Metropolitan Opera House in America. In 1912, she settled in England. Her ties to Russia were broken in 1914 when she was travelling through Germany to Russia, when Germany declared war on Russia. Based in London, she toured the world with the help of her manager, Victor Dandre who may have been her husband. She kept her private life highly confidential. Her final tour was between 1928-29 and her final performance in England took place in 19302. It is not what she did that brought her to the limelight, it is how she did it that made her phenomenal. She expressed her thoughts through dance, which was complemented by her remarkable body that added flavor to her dance. She played a big role as the pioneer of dance theatre and that role has helped shape what modern ballet is. She was almost entirely committed to the classic style based on ballet tradition. Her fame was mostly credited to her wittiness, frailness, daintiness and lightness. She enabled the world realize the influence of dance in society. Driven by the desire to achieve recognition for her talent, she was able to influence her community. She became a spokesman for her art, attracting audiences to her and to ballet. Her willingness to perform across the globe popularized ballet and helped shape what it is today. Her tours established ballet as a highly popular art that brings people together. Her stage performances were exceptional. She made unique entrances and exits on stage such that no one could predict where she was emerging from or where she would disappear to. She was an embodiment of choreography. Her image left the audience wanting more and her art in dancing remained a mystery. She

Analyze one or more main character traits of the protagonist in one of Essay

Analyze one or more main character traits of the protagonist in one of the stories. How do these traits create the action of the - Essay Example This is the character trait of Sammy and this paper is an analysis of Sammy’s character in order to trace how Updike weaves a beautiful story using this inherent weakness in the central character. The place where Sammy stands in the store gives him a full view of the intricate divisions in the store. His eyes can easily follow the customers who pick up the articles for purchase and for him â€Å"there was nothing much to do except lean on the register and wait for the girls to show up again† as it was a Thursday (Updike). The readers follow Sammy as he is also the narrator. When the three girls enter the store and when his eyes study the details of their physical appearance, Sammy becomes spellbound. The incident shows the natural impulses of a boy at the sight of his opposite sex. Sammy is overpowered by the force of female attraction: â€Å"With the straps pushed off, there was nothing between the top of the suit and the top of her head except just her †¦ it was more than pretty† (Updike). The girls have arrived there wearing their swimming suits, revealing the beautiful shapes of their bodies. He could bear the sight of the first two girls walking into the store, but the third one, Queenie's beauty, broke his heart. Sammy is an innocent boy who has not learned to live in this corrupt world. He reacts immediately to his impulses, to fulfill his desires.

Workplace behaviors and the role of motivation in the work environment Essay

Workplace behaviors and the role of motivation in the work environment - Essay Example Work psychology can be generally described as the study of human behavior in work environments. Following World War II, work psychology was explained simply as â€Å"fitting the person to the job† and â€Å"fitting the job to the person† (Furnham, 2005). Over the years, this has evolved to become vocational/occupational psychology, organizational psychology, management and ergonomics. This is a study of how people behave individually and in groups, how leaders emerge and how â€Å"the thoughts, feelings and behaviour† of the employees are affected by the â€Å"actual, imagined or implied behaviour of others in the organization† (Furnham, 2005).The Classic Styles of Behavior Dalton (2007) identifies seven classic styles of behavior of individuals in any workplace: Commander, Drifter, Attacker, Pleaser, Performer, Avoider and Analytical. Commanders are domineering and matter of fact to the point of rudeness. Their initiative and drive might be viewed as a threat by others in the organization. They, however, have the extraordinary ability â€Å"to overcome obstacles, to implement and to achieve results† (Dalton 2007). Drifters are easygoing and impulsive. Disorganized as they are, they cannot conform to rules and routines. To make the most out of them, they have to be given short assignments on flexible schedules. They are innovative and creative and can improvise at short notice. Attackers are cynical and have a demoralizing effect on the others in the organization. This category of workers should be assigned jobs that require minimum interaction with others. However, attackers are adept at tackling unpleasant assignments and making decisions unemo tionally. Pleasers are pleasant and helpful, and incapable of saying "no" to others. Hence they are unable to face conflicts and try to escape having to tackle them. They protect people, often concealing critical information, which could be detrimental to the organization. Performers are entertainers who are often the center of attraction. They have great conversational skills. Performers are ready to falsify facts to project their own importance; however, they shy from accepting any kind of serious responsibility. They have immense ability to strike new relationships. Avoiders are quiet introverts who are reluctant to take initiative and are comfortable working by themselves. They fear criticism, responsibility and accountability. They cling to the security of status quo at the cost of their own betterment. Avoiders, on the other hand, are highly reliable in that they give attention to instructions and get their jobs done "the first time, every time" (Dalton, 2007). Analyticals are cautious, hard-working and obsessed with detail. They are great sources of information; however, they always come up with a valid reason why any new idea cannot work. This hinders the efficiency of a team, especially in times of emergency. They are, however, dependable for their commitment, knowledge and farsightedness. Though human behaviors cannot be strictly categorized under these classic styles, as there can be combinations of two or more of these traits in an individual, understanding these traits can help in smoothing relationships and ensuring positive results. Perception and Conflict The individuals in a workplace, besides in their behavior, could differ in their physical appearance, their social and educational backgrounds, their skills, etc. But the most important difference that has a telling impact in any workplace could be the difference in perceptions. Perception may be defined as "the process by which an individual selects, organizes and interprets stimuli into a meaningful and coherent picture of the environment in which he lives" (Organizational Behavior, 2004). Perceptions vary even while exposed to the same stimuli depending on the needs, values and expectations of every individual.

China in Africa Essay Example for Free

China in Africa Essay In brief the NAI Policy Dialogue questions the World Bank recommendations for large scale agriculture to solve the productivity and equity problems in African agriculture. The whole issue of property rights is intimately linked to the question about agriculture and development. The contribution by Benjaminsen and Sjaastad on aspects of property rights formalization in Africa draws on recent processes in Mali and Tanzania. A general conclusion is that the formalization of property rights in rural areas is a very complex and problematic issue. There is a high risk of the process being co-opted by officials and a wealthy elite, if necessary provisions are not made. Finally, Kjell Havnevik draws our attention to the relationship between inequality and climate change. This contribution is based on a presentation he made in Berlin in June 2007. Decoding the evolving China–Africa relations is the theme of an article written by NAI Research Director Fantu Cheru. He suggests that policies and programmes to deal with the present imbalances between China and Africa require us to revisit and redefine the NEPAD agenda. A regional approach will, in his opinion, help African countries to negotiate from a stronger and better platform. During 2008 researchers at NAI will continue to devote attention to this topic. In our interview section we present one interview with Martha Qorro, professor in English language, on the question about the language of instruction in Tanzania. She is of the opinion that the best way to teach English is not to use it as the language of instruction. She also responds to the question why the question of language of instruction has become such a sensitive political issue in Tanzania. In our second interview Jerome Verdier, chairman of the Liberia Truth and Reconciliation Commission, points to the fact that the TRC’s part of the conflict resolution is nothing new. Liberia has a history of resolving community conflicts at the round table. But in the past there were no prolonged conflicts, such as the recent 4 year period of massive human rights violation. In the research section we present the result of a conference which took place at NAI, Uppsala, in September 2007 regarding the ongoing discussions between EU and the ACP countries on Economic Partnership Agreements. The discussion at the conference highlighted the lack of connection between the poverty alleviation goal and the reality of the negotiations, despite numerous political declarations on both the EU and ACP sides. Key decisions on EPAs will soon be made by EU and ACP ministers. The Africa Europe Group of Interdisciplinary Studies, AEGIS, of which NAI is an active member, is presented through three contributions. Photo by Susanne Linderos News from the Nordic Africa Institute 3/2007 First, we bring you an interview with the AEGIS Chair, Professor Patrick Chabal of King’s College, London.